Comparative assessment of water treatment using polymeric and inorganic coagulants |
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| Institution: | 1. Ministry of Water Development and Irrigation, Water Resources Department, Water Quality Services Division, Private Bag 390, Lilongwe 3, Malawi;2. MZUZU University, Department of Water Resources Management and Development, P/Bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi;3. University of Malawi, Chemistry Department, Chancellor College, Box 280, Zomba, Malawi;1. Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oilfield Applied Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing 163412, China;2. College of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163000, China;3. Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing Oil Production Engineering Research Institute, Heilongjiang, Daqing 163453, China;1. Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa;2. Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa;1. School of Technology, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo 5023, Philippines;2. Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;3. Institute of Hot Spring Industry, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;1. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China;2. College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria;3. Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei;4. Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Portable water plays a vital role in improving human life, particularly in controlling the spread of diseases. However, problems associated with lack of potable water are still common especially in developing countries including Malawi. Until now little information exists on the effectiveness of available commercial coagulants used by national water boards in Malawi. Therefore, this study was undertaken in Southern Region Water Board (SRWB) to investigate the efficiency of polymeric coagulants (sufdfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s) in turbidity reduction comparative with inorganic coagulant (aluminium sulphate) at Zomba, Liwonde, Mangochi, Chikwawa and Mulanje Treatment plants. The jar test method was used to determine the effectiveness of the water coagulants. The results revealed that sudfloc 3850 was most effective in reducing turbidity at Mangochi (99.4 ± 0.06%) and Liwonde (97.2 ± 0.04%) using 0.4 mg L?1 flocculant dose. The Zomba, Mulanje and Chikwawa plants gave 19.56 ± 0.03%, 29.23 ± 0.02% and 9.43 ± 0.02% total reductions respectively. Algaefloc 19s afforded the highest turbidity reduction at Liwonde and Mangochi plants (98.66 ± 0.06 and 97.48 ± 0.05% at a dose of 0.4 and 0.6 mg L?1 respectively), while Chikwawa provided the lowest (9.52 ± 0.01%). At the Zomba and Mulanje plants 20.5 ± 0.03% and 28.4 ± 0.04% reductions were obtained respectively. The inorganic flocculant, alum provided a 99.0 ± 0.05% and 98.6 ± 0.04% reduction at a dose of 4.0 mg L?1 and 6.0 mg L?1 at Zomba and Liwonde plants respectively. The lowest reductions in turbidity were achieved at Chikwawa (7.50 ± 0.01%), Mangochi (12.97 ± 0.02%) and Mulanje (25.00 ± 0.02). The best and optimum pH ranges for polymeric and inorganic coagulants were 7.20–7.80 and 7.35 to 7.57 respectively. The results further revealed that sudfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s achieved faster formation of heavy flocs than alum. At 0.4 mg L?1 flocculant dosage sudfloc 3850 and algaefloc 19s required ten times lower dosages than alum. Therefore, the polymeric coagulants could be used instead of alum, the choice dependant on the type of water. |
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| Keywords: | Algaefloc 19s Aluminium sulphate Malawi Southern Region Water Board Sudfloc 3850 |
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