流域地貌特征对流域水文响应的影响分析

针对目前研究流域地貌特征与流域水文响应的指标具有随意性、主观性以及地貌特征与流域水文响应之间相关性较多、定量化较少等现象,求解出河道和坡面水流运动方程的格子玻尔兹曼方法解,进而构建了基于LBM的汇流模型,计算出黑龙江流域25个研究流域的单位线。分析了单位线要素与流域面积、流域长度和流域宽度之间的相关性,并给出了定量公式。研究结果表明:时间面积曲线由于受到水动力扩散作用比距离面积曲线变得平滑,可以用单位化的时间面积曲线定量单位线,但当一个流域的时间面积曲线有多个大的极值接近时峰现时差和洪峰拟合的不好。研究结果可为定量化流域水文响应和流域水文模型的参数率定提供方法和定量公式。

Influence Analysis of Hydrological Response to Watershed Landform Features

In view that the indexes of the landform features and hydrological response of the study watershed have randomness, subjectivity, andmore correlation and less quantization between landform features and hydrological response, this paper obtained the lattice Boltzmann method solution of flow motion equation for river and slope, built a confluence model based on LBM, calculated the unit lines for the 25 study watersheds in the Heilongjiang River Basin, analyzed the relativity among the unit line elements, watershed area, watershed length and watershed width, and gave the quantitative formula. The results show that the time-area curve is more smooth than the distance-area curve due to the effect of the hydrodynamic diffusion.Unit time-area curve can be used to quantify unit line, but when the time-area curve of a watershed has many larger limiting values, there no good fitting of peak time difference and the flood peak. The finding can provide a method and a formula for quantitative watershed hydrological response and parameter calibration of watershed hydrological model.