节制对黄河水资源的过度索取,恢复黄河生态良性维持

黄河下游属于过度开发的河流.长期以来。重视经济社会效益,而较为轻视环境和生态效益;上世纪80～90年代,下游出现连年断流及"二级悬河"两个突出问题。过量引黄,引黄总水量大大超过母亲河的承受能力,生产用水与社会用水大量挤占冲沙用水及生态用水,是上述问题形成的直接原因。为了维持黄河健康生命,保持河流永续利用,根本对策是在全流域建设高效、节水、防污型社会。节制社会经济用水;变粗放灌溉为科学灌溉;工业广用循环水;城市绿化及冲洗采用中水。制止对水质的污染。我们认为恢复黄河生态良性维持应包括三方面的指标:(1)下游排洪主槽通过调水调沙逐步恢复到6000m~3/s的过洪能力;(2)河水污染程度应稀释和降解到至少达到国家Ⅲ类水标准;(3)保证湿地及河、海、空中生物的良性生长环境。只要全流域以科学发展观为统领,实现人与河流和谐发展,经过10～20年的努力,上述目标是可以达到的。

RESTRAIN THE EXCESSIVE DEMAND FOR THE YELLOW RIVER WATER RESOURCES AND REGAIN THE OPTTMAL MAINTENANCE OF THE YELLOW RIVER ECOSYSTEM

The Lower Yellow River belongs To the rivers of excessive development And for a lorig time the economic and social benefits have been highly valued and the environmental and ecological benefits have been comparatively despised.As a result in 80～90's of the last cen-tury,two outstanding problems appeared on the lower reaches,i.e.The river's flow cutoff and "the secondary suspended river" in successive years.The direct cause of the above-men-fioned problems are that the water is diverted excessively from the Yellow River.The total a-mount of the water diversion greatly exceeds the bearing capacity of the mother river,and the water for the sediment washing and ecologic use is changed abnormally into the social and pro-ductive use in large quantities.To keep the Yellow River healthy life and lasting utilization,the basic countermeasure is To construct the society of high efficiency,water conservation and pollution prevention type in the whole valley.The water for the social and economic uses should be restrained,and extensive irrigation should be changed into scientific irrigation.Cir-culating water should be widely used in industry and graywater should be used in urban greening and flushing.The pollution To the water quality must be inhibited.We think that the regaining of the optimal m.Aintenance of the Yellow River ecosystem should consist of targets in three aspects I.E.(1)The main channel for flood sluicing will gradually restore the flood transportation capacity To a discharge of 6000m3/s through the regulation of both flow and sediment;(2)The river water pollution wilI at least conform to the grade Ⅲ water quality of the national standard through dilution and degradation;and (3)The wetland and a optimal growth environment for the living creatures in the fiver,sea and air should be guaranteed.As long as the scientific development view can carry through as a guide in the whole valley and man and the river can develop harmoniously,after 10～20 years' efforts,the targets men-tioned above will be attained.