试论我国城市发展方针

在执行重重工业的发展战略和城乡分割体制的计划经济背景下,我国制定了“控制大城市规模,合理发展中等城市,积极发展小城市”的城市建设方针。但是分析表明,这一方针不能适应市场经济和对外开放形势的需要,也不符合我国人多地少、农村剩余劳动力多的国情,必须调整现有的城市发展方针,选择适宜的城市化发展道路。因此,本文就适度发展大中城市,提高城市现代化水平;加速乡村城市化,积极合理发展小城镇;以及根据不同地区的具体情况,因地制宜地指定城市化途径等方面作了探讨。

AN APPROACH TO THE POLICY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT

On the background of the planning economy and in the urban-rural separation system with a development model of heavy industry bias,China preferred to control large cities and to develop small cities.In 1980's the government of China outlined the urban development policy:"to control large cities,to moderately develop medium-sized cities,and to actively develop small cities." However.the actual development has been quite different from the demands of the policy:large cities and small towns have developed rather fast,but medium-sized cities have developed slower.Analyses have indicated that urban developing prospect cannot rely on urban scale.Moreover,the demands of the present Policy do not correspond with the development of market economy in the period of opening and reforming.It does not fit the national conditions of limited land and large surplus agricultural labour forces.Therefore,the policy of urban development should be adjusted.The ideas suggested include:To develop large and medium-sized cities with the improvement of urban modernization,and to set up urban feedback functions to regulate the industrial and population capacities by the means of tallying the value law of market economy.To develop small towns actively and rationally throught the advance of their planning and management.The quality of living and investment conditions of small towns should be improved to form a centralized distrbution of rural industry.On account of obvious regional disparities in China,urban development should follow different mdels in different regions so that urban expansion and distribution can correspond to special regional conditions and economic development.