中国古村落景观的空间意象研究*

引入“意象”(image)的概念,借助从感觉形式研究聚落空间形象的方法,对中国古村落景观的多维空间立体图象作了初步研究。文章把中国古村落景观的基本意象概括为:①山水意象,②生态意象,③宗族意象,④趋吉意象等四个方面;并对不同地域古村落景观意象的差异作了比较。

STUDY OF LANDSCAPE IMAGE OF CHINESE ANCIENT VILLAGE

Using the concept of "image" and borrowing the method of studying settlement space from sensitive forms, this paper makes a preliminary study on polydimensional space of Chinese ancient villages.The characteristic of Chinese ancient villages is "recognizable" and "impressive" because of their perspicuous symbols and sensitive forms, which consist a livid psychological picture of memory space.The ancient villages in the southern watery area can be considered as an excellent illustration: houses built by rivers, stone bridges above the brooks, and busy boats….What a beautiful polydimensional image of an ancient village.This paper discusses four kinds of images in Chinese ancient village: (1) image of mountains and rivers; (2) image of ecology; (3) image of patriarchal clans; (4) image of pursuing auspiciousness.It also compares the images of landscape among different regions: (1) image of the southern watery area is "bridge, river, and houses"; (2) image of mountainous region in southern Anhui province is "Living in picture, unaware of the deep valley"; (3) Image of the Kejia villages at the joint of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi is "Muddy house makes me safe, Fengshui brings me luck"; (4) Image of the Dai villages in Yunnan is "a view of bajao banana, bamboo houses and temples"; (5) Image of cave dwelling villages in northwest is "a combination with Nature"; (6) Image of Do villages in the joint of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi is "towering drumhouse and capped Fengyu bridge"; (7) Image of villages along the rivers in Sichuan province is "Diaojiao housing and building downward the slopes"; (8) Image of the Chayang traditional fishing villages in Guangdong province is "short-slope roofs with a lively rhythm"; (9) Image of Xiagxi area is "gorgeous Mato walls and rich Tianji lines".Carl O.Sauer, a famous American geographer claimed the core of human-geography research was to explain cultural landscape.The ancient village images discussed in this paper can be regarded as a new form of cultural landscape research.I wish the paper can offer some new angles of thinking in cultural geography, village landscape planing and tourist cultural village designing.