地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响——以北京市南锣鼓巷为例

文化创意产业成为21世纪中国经济的重要增长点。本文以北京南锣鼓巷的案例,展示了在文化体制改革的背景下,自发形成的地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响。近十年来,作为老城中心休闲场所的南锣鼓巷,已经成为演员、导演、编剧和其他艺术者集中的文化创意地。质性访谈和小样本的问卷调查显示,丰富的历史文化遗产、周边高等级的艺术和演出机构提供了创意活动的有力支持,有形的历史文化空间则形成创意过程的催化剂;而酒吧和咖啡店等的出现使创意人才得以聚集,其中的创意交流活动则促进创意成果的产生。本文认为,打造文化创意园区并非唯一的发展之路。是否能吸引具有创意潜质的人才,将其有机地组织并提升集体创造力,进而促进创意活动更密集地发生才是关键。

The impact of local creative milieu and space on cultural and creative activities in cities:The case of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing

Beijing' s Nanluoguxiang-South Gong and Drum Lane-has a long history and rich cultural connotations.Along the lane and in the area nearby, there are several academic art institutions and prominent theaters, including The Central Academy of Drama, Beijing Art Association, Chinese Drama Theater, Beijing Seven-Color Children' s Theater and so on.Since the early 1990s when China' s institutional reform towards encouraging the commercialization of cultural undertaking began, over 30 various cafés and bars have emerged, which made Nanluoguxiang a place of interests for tourists and also a space of leisure for local residents.More importantly, it has become the breeding ground of cultural and creative activities for actors, directors, screenwriters and other artists.Nanluoguxiang' s rich resources available in the historical heritage of the old downtown provide many possibilities for creative activities. With the data collected from qualitative interviews and a small sample questionnaire of the field survey, this paper illustrates the appearance and operation of the cafés and bars in Nanluoguxiang and shows the importance of social gatherings.That can bring together all the creative personalities and the formulation of ideas may lead to collective creativity.These individuals form a social network, which actually becomes the precondition for the creative process.The physical spaces of cultural heritages become a hinge for creative ideas.Therefore, the best breeding ground for creative activities is where the creative talents can be attracted.From this points of view, it can be argued that the building of industrial parks in green fields might be useful to breed creative products, but unnecessarily efficient.