西南喀斯特地区石漠化综合治理:成效、问题与对策

西南喀斯特地区石漠化与贫困问题相互交织,是该区域社会经济可持续发展的瓶颈。近二十年来,通过实施植被恢复、水土保持、生态移民等一系列治理措施,石漠化整体扩展的趋势得到初步遏制,由过去持续扩展转变为净减少,西南喀斯特地区生态状况呈良性发展态势,但防治形势仍很严峻,迫切需要寓经济发展于生态治理之中。本文在分析石漠化综合治理成效、存在问题的基础上,探讨了基于民生改善的石漠化防治对策。认为今后应在系统梳理和总结一期治理经验和不足的基础上,进一步加强石漠化演变规律及其关键驱动因子、喀斯特关键带结构与功能变化、植被与水文过程相互作用等基础研究,将植被恢复与生态服务提升、民生改善有机结合,健全“造血”功能,培育和发展与生态治理方向相适应的生态衍生产业,助力扶贫攻坚,实现生态治理与脱贫致富双赢,促进该区域社会经济协同发展及西南生态安全屏障建设。 

Comprehensive control on rocky desertification in karst regions of southwestern China: achievements, problems, and countermeasures

Rocky desertification and poverty are intertwined in karst regions of southwestern China, which is the bottleneck for regional social and economic sustainable development. In recent two decades, through carrying out vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and ecological immigrant, the whole expansion trend of rocky desertification has got preliminary containment from continuous increase to net decrease, and the ecological condition has achieved favorable development in karst areas of southwestern China. However, the prevention and control situation remain serious, and economic development should be considered urgently during the process of ecological control. This paper analyzes firstly the achievements and problems of rocky desertification comprehensive control, and then discusses its prevention and control countermeasures based on the improvement of people''s livelihood. Next the experience and drawbacks during the first stage of karst desertification control are sorted out systematically. It is suggested that in the future, the studies should be strengthened on rocky desertification evolution and its key driving factors, the structure and function dynamics of karst critical zones, and the interaction between vegetation and hydrological processes. At the same time, vegetation restoration should be combined with the promotion of ecological service and the improvement of people''s livelihood, and the ecological derivative industry in line with ecological management should be nurtured and developed to push poverty alleviation through bettering "blood-making" function. This could realize the win-win result of ecological control and poverty alleviation, and promote the regional social and economic cooperation development as well as the construction of the ecological security barrier in karst regions of southwestern China.