与洪泽湖分离的淮河入海水道可行性分析

现在的洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不断淤高,致使淮河中游洪涝不断。入洪泽湖后淮河水主要流入长江。而苏北北部地区需要水,因入海泥沙数量太少而致海岸侵蚀问题不能根本解决,那里需要淮河的泥沙。为改变这种不合理的格局。在洪泽湖北岸和浅水区开挖与洪泽湖分离的河道,连接完成远期工程的淮河入海水道和拓宽、挖深的淮沭河—北六塘河—新沂河水道,使淮河水沙只经过这两条水道到达黄海,改变淮河水沙不合理的资源分配。新水道路程短,比降大,使洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不再淤高,并将进一步使淮河中游水道刷深,减轻淮河中游洪涝灾害,并为洪泽湖湖底高程降低创造条件。通过分析现在淮河的输沙量、输沙模数,与历史时期和其他流域对比,认为连云港至射阳河口这段海岸将改变为北部稳定,南部缓慢进积,形成新的淮河三角洲,彻底解决苏北海岸侵蚀问题。

Constructing Huaihe River channels separated from Hongze Lake flowing into Yellow Sea

The Huaihe River was an independent river directly flowing into the Yellow Sea before 1128. It became a tributary of the Yellow River in 1128~1851. The lower Yellow River channel shifted to north and entered the Bohai Sea in 1855. Actually, the Huaihe River has been a tributary of the Yangtze River since 1851. At present, after going into the Hongze Lake, the Huaihe River water flows into the sea by four routes. By constructing a channel separated from the Hongze Lake along the northern coast of the lake, and deeply excavating the present Huaihe River Channel to Sea and the Huaishu River-Beiliutang River-New Yihe River channels, water would directly flow into the Yellow Sea and no longer to the Yangtze River. An annual 1000×10⁴ t of suspended sediments (increasing by 860×10⁴ t more than present) would deposit on the coast from Lianyungang to the Sheyang River mouth. The coastal erosion from Lianyungang to the Sheyang River mouth would be ended: the northern section would be stable and the southern section would slowly prograde, forming a new Huaihe River delta. Meanwhile, the sediments would not accumulate on the middle Huaihe River channel and Hongze Lake, and would effectively reduce inundation in the middle Huaihe River reaches.