建筑用途的城市职住空间组织特征研究

针对现有职住空间关系的研究难以在微观维度上有效促进大城市职住功能空间的均衡发展以及规划政策与现状发展存在的时序错位问题,该文以北京市为例,从房屋建筑使用用途的角度切入,运用空间自相关分析模型、热点分析模型和职住用地比三个评价方法,同时借用ArcGIS软件平台进行空间分析与可视化表达,探究北京职住空间在乡镇尺度下的组织特征。研究发现:北京市职住空间表现为聚类分布的空间格局特征,以首都功能核心区为中心,大致呈现出环状圈层分布,北京市职住空间的“热点区”在空间分布上存在差异,而“冷点区”在空间分布上基本相同,职住空间关系存在失衡,与规划目标存在一定的偏差。提出的研究方法从微观维度分析了城市职住空间的组织特征,促进了城市规划与发展时序的有效结合,可在特大城市的职住空间关系的研究中进行推广应用。

Study on the characteristics of urban jobs-housing spatial organization based on building use

Research on the existing job-residential space relationship was difficult to effectively promote the balanced development of job-residential functional spaces in big cities in the micro dimension,and the timing misalignment between planning policies and current development.Taking Beijing as an example,from the perspective of the use of housing construction,the three evaluation methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis model,hotspot analysis model and occupation-residential land ratio were used.At the same time,ArcGIS software platform was used for spatial analysis and visual expression to explore the organizational characteristics of Beijing occupation-residential space at the township scale.The research found that:Beijing’s occupational and residential space was characterized by a clustered spatial pattern,with the capital’s functional core area as the center,roughly showing a ring-shaped distribution.The“hot spots”of Beijing’s occupational and residential space had difference spatial distribution.However,the“cold spot area”was basically the same in spatial distribution,and there was an imbalance in the spatial relationship between occupation and residence,and there was a certain deviation from the planning goal.The proposed research method analyzed the organizational characteristics of urban occupation-residential space from a microscopic dimension,promoted the effective combination of urban planning and development sequence,and could be popularized and applied in the study of the spatial relationship of occupational-residential space in megacities.