The application of ionic equilibria to metamorphic differentiation: An example |
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Authors: | George W Fisher |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 21218 Baltimore, Md., USA |
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Abstract: | Mineral segregations formed by metamorphic differentiation are an important source of information on diffusion processes in metamorphism. Segregations consisting of andalusite-biotite-quartz cores surrounded by a quartz-feldspar mantle in sillimanite-biotitefeldspar-quartz gneiss near Västervik, Sweden (Loberg, 1963) formed by core-to-mantle migration of K, and mantle-to-core migration of Fe, Mg and Ca. These migrations can be represented by a set of interconnected ionic equilibria involving reaction of microcline and Fe(OH)+ in the core to form andalusite plus biotite, and reaction of K+, sillimanite and biotite in the mantle to form microcline. Equilibrium constants for these reactions, calculated for conditions inferred from the mineral assemblage and biotite composition, indicate gradients of K+ activity (higher in core) and Fe(OH)+ activity (higher in mantle). These gradients result simply from the free energy difference between andalusite and sillimanite, without invoking pre-existing megascopic inhomogeneities in the rock or surface energy effects. Although small, these gradients appear to be capable of driving the segregation process. |
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