后城市景观中的乡愁与地方批判：基于“珠江夜游”艺术展的图像分析

景观研究是地理分析的关键单元。以往景观研究往往囿于物质景观的一面,忽视了观念景观的存在。本文以“珠江夜游——后珠三角景观”艺术展为案例,采用德国符号学家弗里克的“拟态理论”和焦点小组访谈法对其展开图像和内容分析,重新审视后城市化时代中观念景观所折射出来的乡愁与地方批判。研究发现,景观是研究人地关系议题的文化图像工具;观念景观是对物质景观的拟态,是基于真实世界之上的景观;“珠江夜游”艺术展通过大量的符号和观念景观的呈现,展现了后城市化时代珠三角地区民众独特的地方感知和地方记忆,也从直观和批判的视角展现了快速变化的社会现实下城市居民和城市之间的人地关系——城市本土居民表现出一种“不离地的乡愁”,并对人地关系失调的环境进行反思。研究对城市观念景观的图像和叙事分析是对传统文化地理学物质景观分析的有效补充,有利于从人的主体视角更深入地理解城市发展及其影响。

The nostalgia and placed criticism in post-urban landscape:An image analysis on Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition

Landscape study is an important part of human geography and a key subject of geographic analysis. With the development of technology and social transformation, the types, forms and connotations of the landscape have become more and more diverse and complicated. Under the dominance of visual mechanism in post-modern society, people's impression of the city mostly comes from the city landscape. However, landscape studies in China were often confined to the material landscape, while ignoring the conceptual landscape. Through an image analysis on Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition in Guangzhou by adopting a German semiotician Uwe Flick's theory of mimesis, together with the analysis from exhibition audiences' (urban residents') interview, this article finds that nostalgia and placed criticism are two important themes among the exhibited art works and conceptual landscape. The study puts forward that landscape is a symbolic tool for studying the interaction between human beings and their environment; and the conceptual landscape is mimesis of material landscape which is based on the real world. The Pearl River Night Tour art exhibition used numerous symbols and conceptual landscape to present a unique place perception and memory of the people in the Pearl River Delta in post-urban era, and to show a critical thinking on the human-environment relationship between urban residents and the city under the context of rapidly changing society of this region. The study suggests that the use of image and narrative analysis of urban conceptual landscape is an effective method which deserves to draw more attention to landscape studies in cultural geography. It provides a deeper understanding of human-place interaction and the impact of urban development from urban residents' perspective.