上市公司500强企业网络嵌入对中国城市经济增长的影响

近些年来城市网络的快速发展深刻改变了中国城市经济的发展环境,城市网络外部性及其传导机制的研究已经成为新时期城市地理学的重要课题,也将为中国城镇化政策的优化调整提供直接参考。本文以产品价值链生产分割为主线,利用2017年中国上市公司500强企业和隶属联系模型建立城市网络,定量测度了网络链接强度和合作伙伴经济绩效对城市经济增长的影响,揭示了生产分割环境下网络外部性的多样性和异质性特征。研究发现：① 网络嵌入影响中国城市经济增长的传导机制具有不同的作用效果,总体来看网络链接强度对城市经济增长具有显著促进作用,但是合作伙伴经济绩效的影响不明显,表明网络嵌入主要是通过凸显比较优势和规模经济而不是知识外溢来提高城市经济绩效。② 网络嵌入对中国城市经济增长的影响具有异质性特征,东部地区、核心地位、较大规模城市从网络中获得的利益分别明显高于中西部地区、外围地位和较小规模城市,表明网络外部性的经济效果受到城市网络竞争力和知识利用能力的强烈约束。未来中国城镇化政策体系和治理模式需要做出相应调整,中国政府需要在更大空间尺度上推动城市之间的网络合作,同时高度重视网络环境下城市间多维度的发展差距问题。

Network embedding and urban economic growth in China:A study based on the corporate networks of top 500 public companies

In recent years, increased attention has been given to the role of city networks in promoting economic performance. Nevertheless, the empirical evidence concerning urban network externalities and its transmission mechanisms is at best patchy. This study sets out to gain a better understanding of network externalities through the lens of corporate networks in China. Information on the headquarter and branch locations of China's top 500 public companies in 2017 are subjected to ownership linkage model to construct the urban network, resulting in a panel data with 265 cities in 2006 and 2016. Then the impacts of network linking strength and economic performance of partners on urban economic growth are quantitatively measured, and the dynamic mechanisms of network links that affect urban economic growth under the production fragmentation environment are discussed. Two conclusions are drawn. First, the transmission mechanisms of network embeddedness influencing urban economic growth in China have different effects. The analysis results of all samples show that the strength of network links has a profound impact on the quality of urban economic growth, but the impact of economic performance of partners is not obvious. This means that, in general, the transmission mechanisms of network embeddedness are to highlight the comparative advantages and economies of scale of cities, rather than to promote knowledge spillovers and technical progress. Second, the impact of network embeddedness on urban economic growth is heterogeneous in many dimensions. Cities in the eastern region, core position or with a large population size benefit more from the network competitive advantage and the knowledge flow system of "local buzz and global pipelines", while cities in the central and western regions, peripheral position or with a small population, bounded by lack of network competitiveness and "knowledge gatekeeper", increase the risks of low-end lock of industrial economy. In the future, the policy and governance of urbanization in China need to be adjusted accordingly. The Chinese government should promote network cooperation among cities on a larger spatial scale, and attach great importance to the multi-dimensional development gap between cities under the network environment.