全球高端航运服务业的时空演化及影响因素分析

发展高端航运服务业是港口城市产业转型的重要着力点。基于劳合社海事企业名录,利用连锁网络、回归模型等,研究1982—2018年全球高端航运服务业节点城市和城际联系的空间演变及影响因素。结果表明：① 全球高端航运服务业骨架由“T”字型向“大三角形”转变,网络重心不断东移,欧洲、地中海和亚太地区构成的东西向市场是其发展主线。② 节点城市的网络地位提升与该城市和前序城市建立的联系强度有密切关系,与覆盖的市场范围联系不大。③ 高端航运服务业的区位选择主要受资本、技术和市场的共同影响,其布局临近客户和市场,倾向于知识密集型的产业集聚。④ 集装箱吞吐量和地区宏观经济对高端航运服务业布局的显著性增强,人口数量、港口和行政中心的显著性消失。

Spatial evolution and factors of global advanced maritime service industry

The maritime service industry has become a key driving force for promoting the spatial structure adjustment and economic development of port cities and is also a core element for enhancing the global competitiveness of hub port cities.Based on the chain network model,the regression model and the list of British Lloyd's Maritime Enterprises,this paper studies the spatial shaping process of the node cities and inter-city links in the global advanced maritime service industry in 1982-2018.The study analyzes the relevance between the connectivity or the number of advanced maritime service producers in the node cities and the shipping,economic,political and cultural location factors.The analysis concludes as follows:(1)Advanced maritime service producers mainly gather in Europe,the Mediterranean and Asia-Pacific region.The east-west market formed by these three regions is the main line of the global advanced maritime service industry.The main spatial pattern changes from"T"shape to triangle.The barycenter of the network is constantly moving eastward and has moved from Europe to the Asia-Pacific region.(2)The network status of the node city is closely related to the strength of the connection between this node city and the top cities and has nothing to do with the extensiveness of the city connection.Node cities can quickly improve their strategic position by establishing strong links with international shipping service centers.(3)The location of the advanced maritime service industry is mainly influenced by capital,technology and market.Its layout is close to customers and markets.These three factors also affect the strength of the aggregation effect of high-end shipping service industry activities.The advanced maritime service industry tends to be knowledge-intensive.(4)With the influence of economic globalization and technological progress,the significance of the relevance between container throughput or regional economy and the layout of the advanced maritime service industry has increased.The significance of the population,ports and administrative centers disappear.The research results reveal the enlightenment and experience of the space-time evolution of the global advanced maritime service industry and provide useful references for the efficient development of international shipping service centers.