城市生态安全格局构建与评价研究:以苏州市区为例

集成生态系统服务量化、生态安全格局构建与生态安全评估等多种方法,构建并评估了苏州市区的生态安全格局。结果显示：① 2017年苏州市区食物供给、淡水供给、空气净化、涵养水源、碳汇服务、旅游休闲、土壤保持和生境质量等服务分别为32795.94元/hm²、686.6 mm、283.68元/hm²、28.62 mm、86.99 t/hm²、3736.75元/hm²、174.8 t/hm²和0.47。② 识别出太湖、东山、西山、穹窿山、大阳山-天池山、旺山-上方山、阳澄湖、长漾湖和太浦河等9个重要生态源地。③ 提取出生态廊道36条,生态节点32个,建议100~200 m和60~100 m分别为苏州市区重要生态廊道和一般生态廊道的宽度。④ 苏州市区整体生态网络闭合度较低,生态网络连接水平较复杂,生态节点连接性较低,生态网络成本较高,应优先建设重要性高的生态廊道,加强大面积水域、湿地之间的生态廊道建设,提升水域与周边山地丘陵的连通性。通过此研究以期为探索生态系统服务应用价值、落实长三角一体化发展战略、助力生态文明建设等提供有益借鉴。

Construction and evaluation of urban ecological security pattern:A case study of Suzhou city

The construction of urban ecological security pattern is an important way to ensure regional ecological security and realize sustainable development. Taking Suzhou city as a case, this paper constructs and evaluates the urban ecological security pattern by integrating various methods, such as ecosystem service quantification, ecological security pattern construction and ecological security assessment. The results show that: （1） In 2017, the services of food supply, fresh water supply, air purification, flood regulation and water storage, carbon sink service, tourism and leisure, soil conservation and habitat quality in Suzhou city are 32795.94 yuan/hm², 686.6 mm, 283.68 yuan/hm², 28.62 mm, 86.99 t/hm², 3736.75 yuan/hm², 174.8 t/hm² and 0.47, respectively. High value areas are mainly concentrated in areas densely distributed with woodland, garden, cultivated land and water area, while low value areas are mainly concentrated in the central urban area and its surrounding areas. （2） Nine important ecological source areas are identified, including Taihu Lake, Dongshan Mountain, Xishan Mountain, Qionglong Mountain, Dayang-Tianchi Mountain, Wangshan-Shangfang Mountain, Yangcheng Lake, Changyang Lake and Taipu River. （3） We extracted 36 ecological corridors and 32 ecological nodes, among which, 19, 17, 27 and 5 are important ecological corridors, general ecological corridors, important ecological nodes and general ecological nodes, respectively. The connectivity between Taihu Lake and its surrounding ecological source areas in the southwest of the region is good, and the ecological correlation is high. The connectivity between the northeast of the region and other parts is poor, and the ecological network needs to be improved. It is suggested that the width of important ecological corridors should be 100-200 m, and that of general ecological corridors should be 60-100 m in Suzhou city. （4） The overall ecological network closure is relatively low, the ecological network connection level is complex, the ecological node connectivity is relatively low, and the ecological network cost is relatively high in Suzhou city. Priority should be given to the construction of ecological corridor with great importance, namely, strengthening the construction of ecological corridor among large areas of water and wetland, and improving the connectivity between water area and surrounding mountains and hills. This study is expected to provide useful references for exploring the application value of ecosystem services, implementing the integrated development strategy of Yangtze River Delta, and assisting the construction of ecological civilization.