中国传统村落可持续发展评价体系构建与实证

作为中华文明重要载体的传统村落具有丰富多元的价值,虽然政府与学界进行了大量保护与研究工作,但其可持续发展之路仍任重道远。因此建立中国传统村落可持续发展评价体系,准确评估其可持续发展水平具有重要理论与现实意义。通过对传统村落的长期实地调研,本文提出社区和遗产两个基本属性间协调关系是传统村落可持续发展的关键。本文使用层次分析法和德尔菲法构建社区发展和遗产保护子系统指标体系,采用专家判断矩阵和德尔菲法确定子系统指标权重,并构建详细的数据收集、赋分与标准化方法。为了更好的评价中国传统村落可持续发展水平,在采用综合评价指数评估传统村落综合发展水平的基础上,进一步引入耦合协调度模型构建可持续发展类型评价体系。最后,通过测评广东省广州市、佛山市和中山市10个岭南传统村落,检验该套指标体系具有较好效度,并进一步对指标体系进行修正。该评价体系不仅可以推进传统村落、耦合度、可持续发展评估研究范式,也可以广泛指导与应用于中国传统村落保护实践。

Construction and empirical research on the evaluation system of sustainable development of Chinese traditional villages

As important carriers of Chinese civilization, traditional villages are endowed with rich and diversified values. Although the government and academia have implemented lots of programmes on protections and researches, the sustainable development still has a long way to go. Therefore, it is of profound significance to establish an evaluation system for the sustainable development of Chinese traditional villages and to evaluate the sustainable development level of Chinese traditional villages. Through long-term field survey of traditional villages, this study proposes that understanding the two basic attributes of community and heritage is the key to cognizing the sustainable development of traditional villages. Then it uses the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to construct the index system of community development subsystem and heritage protection subsystem, and applies an expert judgment matrix and the Delphi method to determine the index weights of the subsystems at all levels, and constructs the systems of data collection, assignment, and standardization for each secondary index. The comprehensive evaluation index is used to evaluate the development level of traditional villages, and determine the criteria for ranking. In order to better evaluate the sustainable development level of traditional Chinese villages, a coupling coordination model is further introduced to construct an evaluation system. Finally, through the evaluation of 10 traditional Lingnan villages in Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhongshan cities of Guangdong province, the validity of the index system is verified and further revised. This index system can not only promote the research paradigm of traditional villages, coupling degree and sustainable development assessment, but also widely guide and apply to the protection practices of traditional villages in China.