Extreme-Mg olivines from venancite lavas of Pian di Celle volcano (Italy)

Olivines with a forsterite minal of up to 99.5 mol % were discovered in ultra-potassium lavas of Pian di Celle volcano (Italy). Based on high-precision analyses of these olivines and the available literature data, a new type of extreme-Mg olivines with a forsterite content of >96 mol % was distinguished. These olivines could have formed as a result of oxidation of lower Mg olivines, crystallization from the carbonatite melt, or they may represent earlier crystallized phenocrysts in skarn. Oxidized olivines are easily diagnosed on the content of typomorphic admixtures, in particular, high MgO and NiO contents. It is difficult to recognize olivines from skarns and carbonatites due to the lack of high-precision analytical data. Extreme-Mg olivines from Pian di Celle (Italy) are close to the carbonatite subtype of olivines.