典型旅游城市游憩商业区空间形态演变及影响机制——以广西阳朔县为例

在讨论游憩商业区(RBD)定义与深度访谈的基础上,通过形状指数、土地利用动态度等指标测度典型旅游城市阳朔县RBD的形成与发展,并对其影响因素与成长机制进行路径分析,研究表明:(1)阳朔RBD的形成源于旅游业的发展,西街是RBD演变的初始地。以西街为基础衍生出"十字"、"工字"、南北"日字"与网状结构的RBD形态。1979～2005年,阳朔RBD空间形态上经历了从线性状态向网状的空间形态变化,而土地利用类型的动态变化经历了较长时期的平稳扩展时期后,2003～2005年开始急速扩展。(2)在土地市场、地方政府政策、大型事件以及外部控制等多种因素的影响下,阳朔RBD的变化呈现短期均衡,这种均衡是"旅游投资-旅游产业规模","游客人数-旅游产业规模"正反馈,"消费预期-游客人数"、"旅游口碑-游客人数"、"旅游产业规模-地价"负反馈共同作用下旅游用地从西街向其外围拓展,并不断循环的结果。(3)在客观存在的竞标地租与利益群体的集体选择行为下,阳朔RBD呈现从西街开始向外围扩展并最终形成以其为中心的网状结构。由于RBD的边界尚未有权威的界定,其外部性也没有办法得到量化。

The spatial morphological evolution of RBD and its determining mechanism in a typical scenic tourist city: The case study of Yangshuo County

Based on the definition of RBD and in-depth interviews,this paper describes the emergence and development of a RBD in Yangshuo County,a typical scenic tourist city,using the shape index and land-use dynamic index,and also analyzes its determining factors and development trajectory.The findings are as follows.1.The formation of the RBD originated from West Street and fueled by the development of tourism.With West Street as its core,the RBD springs out and form spatial patterns like a cross shape,an H shape,north and south bisected rectangle shapes,and a checkerboard shape.During 1979 and 2005,spatial configuration of the RBD transformed from a linear pattern to a network one.And the land use change dynamic has picked up speed since 2003 after a long period of slow and steady growth.2.Influenced by the land market,local government policies,mega-events,control and so on,the RBD shows a temporary equilibrium under the dual impact of positive feedbacks such as "tourism investment and the size of tourism industry," and "the number of visitors and the size of tourism industry," and negative feedbacks such as "consumer expectations and the number of visitors," "destination reputation and the number of visitors," and "the size of tourism industry and land price." 3.Due to the presence of bid rent and collective choice action of interested groups,the morphological change of RBDs is an invariable outcome of spatial reconfiguration.Quantitative delineation of their boundaries and measurement of their externalities are issues worth exploring in follow-up studies.