中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价及类型区划分

以县为基本单元,从人口、经济和社会三方面构建中国县域城镇化水平的综合评价体系;利用熵值法对县级单元的综合城镇化水平及其子系统水平进行评价,构建城镇化类型区;基于偏相关系数测度各类型区的城镇化驱动力;结合空间自相关方法对综合城镇化水平进行分区。结果表明:人口和经济是反映中国县域城镇化水平的两大子类型;综合城镇化水平的空间分布呈明显的行政等级性;划分全国为人口城镇化滞后型、经济社会城镇化滞后型、人口—经济社会城镇化滞后型和综合城镇化非滞后型四大城镇化类型区;不同类型区的驱动力不同,市场力和行政力是全国层面的两大驱动因素;采用空间自相关方法对人文地理领域进行分区研究,中国人口城镇化分区模式为北高南低,经济城镇化分区模式为东高西低。

The study on comprehensive evaluation and urbanization division at county level in China

The China's urbanization,which is in rapid development stage,presents significant regional inequality.Using the counties as basic units can reflect the spatial pattern of China's urbanization,raise the level of understanding of spatial inequality of China's urbanization,and be beneficial to the sound development of China's urbanization. This paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for China's county urbanization level in three aspects of urbanization connotation: population,economy and society.Entropy method is adopted to evaluate the comprehensive urbanization levels of 2289 county units in China and levels of their subsystems.Then we transform calculated values into urbanization rate based on min-max normalization and dimensionless method.Urbanization type regions are constructed according to the relationships between population urbanization and economic-social urbanization.The driving force of each urbanization type region is evaluated by partial correlation analysis.Finally,the method of spatial autocorrelation is used to regionalize the level of China's comprehensive urbanization,population urbanization,economic urbanization and social urbanization. The results show that population and economy are two major subtypes reflecting the comprehensive urbanization level of China;the spatial distribution of China's comprehensive urbanization represents a clear administrative hierarchy;China can be divided into four urbanization types,namely,population urbanization lag region;economic-social urbanization lag region,population and economic-social urbanization lag region and comprehensive urbanization non-lag region;spatial autocorrelation is an alternative approach for regionalization researches in the field of human geography.Regionalization of four kinds of urbanization types is different in pattern,mechanism and mode.In regionalization mode of population urbanization type regions,the northern region is higher than the southern region while in regionalization mode of economic and social urbanization type regions,the eastern region is higher than the western region.