功能疏解背景下北京商业郊区化研究

采用社会消费品零售额、连锁超市门店和商业土地出让数据,借助GIS技术研究功能疏解背景下北京商业郊区化的进程与空间特征,并探讨其驱动机制。研究发现:上世纪90年代北京商业经历了快速的近郊区扩散过程,21世纪以来,显现出远郊区扩散的趋势,但尚未进入典型的商业郊区化阶段。超市网点与商业土地出让数据均揭示出商业沿环路与放射交通廊道扩散的特征,回龙观、望京等城郊居住区、通州、门头沟等远郊新城逐步形成新的商业集聚区。增量商业土地出让数据显示,商业郊区化扩展区域差异显著,西北方向最为明显,扩展的速率快、距离远,西南、东北方向郊区化趋势较明显,但波动较大,东南方向不典型。最后,从人口与住宅郊区化的吸引力、交通与私人汽车快速发展的推动力、城市中心区的挤出力和规划的引导力四方面探讨了北京商业郊区化的驱动机制。

A research on commercial suburbanization in Beijing under the background of urban function dissemination

Compared with the population suburbanization,scholars pay less attention to commercial suburbanization in China.Based on the data of retail sales of social consumer goods,the distribution of supermarkets,and leased commercial land lots,the paper describes the characteristics and driving mechanism of commercial suburbanization in Beijing.It states that commercial suburbanization developed rapidly in the inner suburb districts from 1991 to 2000,and since 2001,there has been a tendency of outer suburbs spread.The paper further illustrates that stores and leased commercial land lots mainly diffuse along the ring roads and radial roads from the urban center of Beijing.Besides the traditional commercial center,sub-centers and shopping malls have risen in the suburbs in recent years.As each quadrant has local conditions,there are significant differences of commercial suburbanization in different quadrants.In the northwest of the city,leased commercial land lots diffuse the fastest and expand the farthest.It is on the contrary in the southeast.The annual expansion rate of the lots fluctuates dramatically in the northeast and southwest.In the northeast,commercial development is more complex,due to the fact that besides the trends of suburbanization,there are centralized development patterns,mainly including urban renovation projects in the old town.Finally,the paper discusses four driving factors of commercial suburbanization,including the attraction of population and housing suburbanization,the promotion of rapid development of road transportation and private cars,the extrusion force from the urban center,and the guidance of government plans and policies.