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Tracking the Polar Front south of New Zealand using penguin dive data
Institution:1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell''Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden;3. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Greta Point, Wellington, New Zealand;1. Department of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy;2. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK;3. School of Geography and GeoSciences, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL, UK
Abstract:Nearly 36,000 vertical temperature profiles collected by 15 king penguins are used to map oceanographic fronts south of New Zealand. There is good correspondence between Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) front locations derived from temperatures sampled in the upper 150 m along the penguin tracks and front positions inferred using maps of sea surface height (SSH). Mesoscale features detected in the SSH maps from this eddy-rich region are also reproduced in the individual temperature sections based on dive data. The foraging strategy of Macquarie Island king penguins appears to be influenced strongly by oceanographic structure: almost all the penguin dives are confined to the region close to and between the northern and southern branches of the Polar Front. Surface chlorophyll distributions also reflect the influence of the ACC fronts, with the northern branch of the Polar Front marking a boundary between low surface chlorophyll to the north and elevated values to the south.
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