防止河道泥沙淤积的最小生态环境需水量

水土流失问题是生态系统面临的重要问题. 对于多沙河道来说,必须维持一定的生态环境需水量用于输沙,以保证河道生态平衡. 本文以多沙河流为研究对象,以输沙动力学理论为基础,分析了河流输沙能力和水流挟沙能力,在此基础上提出了河道在不冲不淤的临界状态下河流最小流量的计算方法,此为防止河道泥沙淤积的最小生态环境需水量. 通过实际算例,本文还说明了所提出的计算方法的应用,以期为多沙河道水资源合理配置及生态平衡维护提供科学依据.

The Lowest Ecological Water Demand to Prevent the River Sediment Accumulation

Erosion loss is one of the most important problems in the ecological system. For the heavily silt loaded river, it is necessary to allocate a certain amount of ecological water demand for the maintenance of the ecological system balance. Taking the heavily-silt loaded river as the research object and based on the sediment transport kinetic theory, the river sediment discharge and sand carrying capacity were analyzed in this paper. Therefore, the calculation method for the critical river flow rate in the no scouring and no sanding status was proposed in this paper. This method is exactly the calculation method for the lowest ecological water demand to prevent the river sediment accumulation. Using an actual example, the application of the proposed calculation method was carried out and illustrated. It is noteworthy that this study will be beneficial for water resources proper allocation and ecological balance maintenance.