Standing stocks,production, and respiration of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in the western Arctic Ocean |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA;2. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;3. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;1. Dipartimento di Ecologia e Biologia, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy;2. Laboratorio di Microbiologia Marina Applicata, CONISMA, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy;1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ru?er Bo?kovi? Institute, Bijeni?ka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Institute for Oceanography and Fisheries, ?etali?te I. Me?trovi?a 63, 21000 Split, Croatia;4. Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, University of Dubrovnik, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia;5. GESTAR/Universities Space Research Association, 7178 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, MD 21046, USA;6. NASA Goddard Space Flight Space Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;7. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Standing stocks and production rates for phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria were examined during four expeditions in the western Arctic Ocean (Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin) in the spring and summer of 2002 and 2004. Rates of primary production (PP) and bacterial production (BP) were higher in the summer than in spring and in shelf waters than in the basin. Most surprisingly, PP was 3-fold higher in 2004 than in 2002; ice-corrected rates were 1581 and 458 mg C m?2 d?1, respectively, for the entire region. The difference between years was mainly due to low ice coverage in the summer of 2004. The spatial and temporal variation in PP led to comparable variation in BP. Although temperature explained as much variability in BP as did PP or phytoplankton biomass, there was no relationship between temperature and bacterial growth rates above about 0 °C. The average ratio of BP to PP was 0.06 and 0.79 when ice-corrected PP rates were greater than and less than 100 mg C m?2 d?1, respectively; the overall average was 0.34. Bacteria accounted for a highly variable fraction of total respiration, from 3% to over 60% with a mean of 25%. Likewise, the fraction of PP consumed by bacterial respiration, when calculated from growth efficiency (average of 6.9%) and BP estimates, varied greatly over time and space (7% to >500%). The apparent uncoupling between respiration and PP has several implications for carbon export and storage in the western Arctic Ocean. |
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