中国水电开发的生态足迹及其温室气体减排

水能资源是中国仅次于煤炭资源的第二大能源，2011年水电装机容量占中国电力装机容量的20．4％。为了对中国水电开发及其对环境的影响进行综合分析，该论文对过去60年来中国水电开发的生态足迹及其温室气体减排状况进行了评估。水电开发的生态足迹包括水电工程建设的能源消费足迹和土地占用生态足迹。能源生态足迹根据吸收化石能源消费过程中排放的二氧化碳所需要的森林面积来计算，土地占用生态足迹是将水库淹没等相关建设占用的土地按照耕地面积计算。评估结果表明，到2010年中国水电开发的能源生态足迹是50．24227Yha，就面积数量而言，占中国可耕地资源的0．3％，水电开发淹没的土地面积142万ha，占中国可耕地资源的1．2‰显然土地淹没的生态足迹远远大于水电开发的能源消耗生态足迹。对水电开发过程中的温室气体减排计算结果表明，自,9k1949年以来随着水电开发的迅速增长，因为水电利用减少的化石能源消耗所减少的CO，排放量也快速增长，2010年减排量达5．024Lt，过去60年来累积减排量达62．21亿t。

Ecological Footprint of Hydropower Development in China and the Associated Reductions of Greenhouse Gas Emission

Hydropower, next to coal, is the second most important source of electric power supply in China. It amounted to 20.4% of the nation＇s total installed capacity of electricity generation in 2011. To provide a comprehensive picture of the development of hydropower in China and its potential environmental impacts, this study calculates the ecological footprint and greenhouse gas emission reduction of hydropower development in China over the past 60 years. The ecological footprints include the energy ecological footprint and arable land occupation footprint. The energy ecological footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land which would be used for reforestation in order to assimilate CQ emissions from fossil energy consumption for hydropower development. The arable land occupation footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land to be inundated by hydropower development. The calculated energy ecological footprint was 502 422 ha in 2010 or about 0.3% of total arable land in China and the calculated inundated land was about 1.42×10 6 ha or about 1.2% of total arable land in China. The regional power grid baseline method was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction. Results indicated that CQ emission reduction from hydropower development was increasing rapidly since 1949 and reached 5.02×108 tons of COe emission in 2010, with an accumulative total of 6.221×109 tons of CQ emission during the period 1949-2010.