野生坛紫菜的选育及经济性状的研究

从福建平潭岛不同生境采集的野生坛紫菜,经过2~3 a的筛选和培育获得野生品系b,c和d,通过体细胞酶解和自繁,获得丝状体和叶状体。实验结果表明:(1)野生选育品系b,c,d生长较快,日生长达3.25~3.75 cm/d,未选育的品系a日生长为2.12 cm/d,传统的养殖品种生长速度慢,日生长仅有1.37 cm/d;(2)选育的品系b对高温具有明显的耐受性,在高温30℃培养10 d,日平均增重率达4.34%,而对照组在水温27℃时培养5 d以上,藻体就开始腐烂;(3)品系b耐低氮、磷能力较强,在低氮、磷培养条件下,第9天色泽变为浅黄色,但没有腐烂死亡,此时将藻体移至含有氮、磷的正常培养液下培养3 d,藻体就可恢复正常,对照组的藻体在相同条件下,第6天藻体中部就开始糜烂,第9天叶片就有2/3溃烂;(4)在品质方面,品系b的总藻胆蛋白含量高达98.89mg/g,对照组的总藻胆蛋白含量仅有50.04 mg/g;本研究结果可为坛紫菜的遗传改良、野生品系选育及利用奠定基础。

The selective breeding of wild Porphyra haitanensis and its economical character

The samples of wild Porphyra haitanensis were collected from different environment in Pingtan Island of Fujian Province.Through enzymolysis to somatic cells and their self-reproduction, the conchocelis and thallus of wild stain B, C and D were obtained after 2~3 years selection and cultivation.The results are as follows: (1) The wild-selected strain B, C and D exhibited relatively faster growth, which was about 3.25~3.75 cm/d.The thallus growth of Strain A, which has not been selected, was about 2.12 cm/d.Traditional cultivated strain exhibited the slowest growth, only 1.37 cm/d.(2) Strain B exhibited remarkable resistance to high temperature.The increasing rate of weight per day could reach up to 4.34% after cultured for 10 days in 30, while the control stain began to rot after cultured for 5 days in 27.(3) Strain B exhibited remarkable tolerance to low capacity of N and P.In low nitrogen and phosphorus environments, the blades color of strain B became buff after 9 days cultivation.But it recovered to normal condition after cultured for 3 days in seawater of normal content of nitrogen and phosphorus.However, the control group began to rot in the middle part of blade after 6 days and the rot ten proportion was about 2/3 in 9^th days in the same condition.(4) The phycobiliproteinin content of stain B was 98.89 mg/g, but the number was only 50.04 mg/g when it comes to control group.Therefore, strain B shows superiority in growth rate, high-temperature resistance and low-N-and-P tolerance.The results are helpful for genetic improvement, wild strains selective breeding and utilization in P.haitanensis.