环北极国家与地区的北极航道通行政策及其发展趋势分析

全球变暖加快了北冰洋融化的速度,从而使得北极航道全面开通的时间将比预期大大提前,北极航道的交通价值也日益凸显。在这种情况下,环北极国家与地区纷纷提出了对北极航道通行的政策和主张。中国虽不是环北极国家,但北极航道能缩短中国国际贸易的海运距离,节约货物海上运输的时间和成本,并降低传统航线的海盗和恐怖主义袭击风险,所以从维护中国在北极航道通行问题上的"潜在利益"的角度出发,中国应该加强对北极航道通行问题的关注。本文首先介绍了北极航道问题的由来,逐一阐述了俄罗斯、加拿大、美国和欧盟在北极航道通行问题上的政策和主张,最后分析了北极航道通行政策的发展趋势。

STUDY OF ARCTIC WATERWAY TRANSIT POLICY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT ON CIRCUMPOLAR NATIONS AND REGIONS

Global warming has accelerated and the speed of melting of the Arctic sea ice has increased, which means that the Arctic’s waterways will be opened much earlier than originally expected. Therefore, the transportation value of Arctic waterways has become increasingly prominent, which has prompted Circumpolar Nations to propose various policies and claims regarding Arctic waterway transit. Although China is not an Arctic state, the availability of an Arctic waterway could shorten international shipping routes, reducing the time and cost of foreign trade, and decreasing the risks of piracy and terrorism. Therefore, to maintain the potential benefits of Arctic waterways to China, attention should be given to this problem. In this paper, the origins of the problems pertaining to the Arctic waterway are introduced, the policies proposed by Russia, Canada, the United States, and the European Union regarding Arctic waterway transit are elaborated, and the trend of development of Arctic waterway transit policy is analyzed.