无人机与无人艇在海南东锣岛水上水下地貌联合调查中的应用

水上无人系统主要包括水面无人艇和无人机，在传统大船和人员难以到达的浅水、岛礁等高风险区域调查中具有重要的替代意义。通过水上无人系统对岛礁地貌进行调查，探讨其调查数据的可靠性和应用实效。2020年9月，广州海洋地质调查局利用C400声学水面无人艇和Phantom 4 RTK摄影无人机在海南东锣岛获取了多波束测深、侧扫声呐和正射影像等数据。结果表明采集的数据能清楚识别海底沙丘、沙纹、沙斑、礁石等岛礁水下地貌以及裸露礁石、植被、房屋、码头、废弃铁船、人工栈道等岛礁陆上地貌。证实无人机摄影在无人艇调查中起到良好的辅助作用，联合调查可实现岛礁陆上和水下地貌数据完整拼接和融合；采集的数据可靠性高，可用性强，在海洋牧场建设、岛礁生态修复以及揭示岛礁地质灾害特征等方面具有重要参考价值。

APPLICATION OF UAV AND USV IN JOINT SURVEY OF THE SUBMARINE AND LAND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN DONGLUO ISLAND,HAINAN

OUS (overwater unmanned system) mainly include USV (unmanned surface vehicle) and UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), which are of great significance in the investigation of high-risk areas such as shallow water and islands, which are difficult to reach by traditional big vessels and surveyor. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the features, reliability, and effectiveness of OUS in island investigation. C400 acoustic USV and Phantom 4 RTK photographic UAV were used to acquire multi-beam sounding, side-scan sonar, and DOM (digital orthophoto maps) data in the Dongluo Island, Hainan. The results show that the collected data can clearly identify the submarine geomorphology of the island such as submarine dunes, sand ripples, sand pitches, and reefs, as well as the land geomorphology of the island such as bare rocks, vegetation, houses, docks, abandoned iron boats, and artificial plank roads. It is confirmed that UAV orthophoto plays a good auxiliary role in the survey of USV, and the OUS joint survey can realize the complete integration of land and submarine geomorphological data of the island. The collected data have high reliability and good usability, which are of great reference value for marine pasture construction, reef ecological restoration, and revealing features of island geological disasters.