我国铌矿资源供需形势分析

电子探针显微分析仪非常适合寻找铌、稀土等关键金属元素的赋存矿物以及分析其在矿物中的赋存形式。东昆仑大格勒地区首次发现了以铌为主的稀有和稀土矿化碳酸岩——碱性岩杂岩体，现有的工作仅局限于地表岩石组合及矿产特征调查。角闪石岩作为杂岩体的主体岩性，有不同程度的铌、稀土矿化显示，但是角闪石岩中铌、稀土元素赋存状态尚不明确。本文在光学显微镜岩相学研究的基础上，利用电子探针技术，对角闪石岩进行分析，主要对铌矿物和稀土矿物的类型、嵌布关系及化学成分等进行研究。应用偏光显微镜分析结果表明角闪石岩主要由角闪石、辉石、金云母/黑云母、磷灰石等矿物组成，并含有少量易解石。电子探针研究表明：①角闪石岩中铌元素主要赋存于铌易解石和含铌钛铁矿中，稀土元素主要赋存于褐帘石和铌易解石中，且均是富集轻稀土元素；②铌易解石中Nb₂O₅含量达42.98%～51.96%，La₂O₃平均含量为4.63%，Ce₂O₃平均含量为12.16%，矿物颗粒直径15～90μm不等，包含于角闪石晶体或角闪石与金云母晶间，局部与角闪石相互交生，与褐帘石、磷灰石连生；③含铌钛铁矿中Nb₂O₅平均含量为2.01%；④褐帘石中Ce₂O₃平均含量为10.73%，La₂O₃平均含量为9.89%，矿物颗粒直径10～40μm不等，主要分布于磷灰石边缘港湾、裂隙中，与磷灰石连生，并有相互交生的特点；⑤铌易解石、褐帘石等矿石矿物均赋存于含磷灰石金云母角闪石岩中。上述研究结合全岩化学分析，本文认为岩石中的铌矿物和稀土矿物主要由后期热液交代作用形成，空间上越靠近全岩矿化碳酸岩、橄榄岩的角闪石岩受后期热液交代作用更强，含矿性更好。

Analysis of the niobium resources supply and demand pattern in China

The demand for rare metals and rare earth elements has been steadily rising as they play an important role in the high-tech industry. In response, there is an urgent need to study the exploration, development, and utilization of them. The formation of deposits containing rare metals and rare earth elements is intricately linked with igneous rocks, and it has been found that numerous large-scale rare metal and rare earth mines, both domestically and internationally, are associated with alkaline rock complex and carbonatite. In Dagele, East Kunlun, a groundbreaking discovery of the first occurrence of rare and rare-earth mineralized carbonatite-alkaline rock complex predominantly containing niobium was made. This finding represents a significant advancement in the understanding of mineralization in East Kunlun. Currently, the existing research has been primarily focused on surface rock assemblages and mineral characterization investigations. Hornblendite, being the predominant lithology in this complex, exhibits varying degrees of niobium and rare earth mineralization. However, the occurrence state of niobium and rare earth elements in hornblendite remains unclear. Studying the occurrence characteristics of niobium and rare earth elements is crucial for identifying the types of minerals present in the ores, summarizing distribution in their patterns, and exploring the enrichment mechanisms. Comprehensive knowledge of the mineralization laws within the alkaline complex and breakthroughs in mineral exploration should subsequently follow. Due to the small particles and complex dissemination characteristics of niobium minerals and rare earth minerals, precise identification and mineralogical and occurrence analysis under polarized light microscope pose significant challenges^[