地球深部探测的先锋: 深地震反射方法的发展与应用

深地震反射剖面早已被国际上证实是一种地球深部探测的先锋技术，它利用比石油地震勘探更长的接收排列、更大的激发能量，探测上至地表，下达上地幔的精细结构和构造特征，现已被国内外越来越多地应用于大陆及海洋地壳与岩石圈上地幔探测上。深地震反射剖面技术在揭示地球深部动力学过程，论述大地构造演化，确定盆山耦合关系，推测成矿成藏条件，分析地震灾害等方面取得了丰硕成果。系统地梳理和概括了国内外陆地地区深地震反射剖面技术的研究现状以及典型应用案例。在此基础上，从深地震反射野外数据采集、数据资料处理、剖面地质解译以及多方法联合探测4个方面，对地震反射剖面技术未来发展方向进行了展望。研究认为：在野外采集方面，研发不同激发、接收组合类型的采集技术、提升深地震反射数据采集质量，减少环境破坏，降低经济成本；在数据处理中，继续探究提高深地震反射剖面的信噪比与分辨率，定量监控深地震反射数据处理过程中振幅保真度的相对变化；在资料解译时，将深入挖掘深地震反射剖面的叠前、叠后潜在信息，降低单纯依靠深地震反射振幅解译的非唯一性；在综合研究上，从多学科、多角度、多尺度、多方法上相互补充印证，降低剖面的多解性，提高成果的准确性和可靠度。

Deep crustal structure of Baiyun Sag,Northern South China Sea revealed from deep seismic reflection profile

Deep seismic reflection profiling has been internationally proven to be a leading technology for deep earth exploration. With longer arrangement and greater energy than those used in oil seismic exploration, this technology can detect the fine-scaled structures and tectonic features from the earth surface to the upper mantle. Therefore, it is widely applied to the detection of continental and marine crust and upper mantle, with fruitful achievements having been made in revealing deep earth dynamic processes, expounding on the geotectonic evolution, determining the basin-mountain coupling, inferring the metallogenic and reservoir formation conditions, and analyzing earthquake disasters. This paper systematically reviews and sorts the research status of deep seismic reflection profiling in land areas in China and abroad, as well as typical application cases of this technology. It summarizes the research results and the most recent progress of deep seismic reflection profiling from the perspective of field data acquisition, data processing, the geological interpretation of profiles, and multi-method joint exploration. Furthermore, this study the explores the possible development directions of deep seismic reflection profiling in the future from four aspects: (1) Regarding the field data acquisition, different excitation and reception combination will be developed to improve the quality of deep seismic reflection data, reduce environmental damage and economic cost; (2) Improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of deep seismic reflection profiles, and quantitatively monitoring the relative variations in the seismic amplitude fidelity during the processing of deep seismic reflection data; (3) Digging out potential information of pre-stack and post-stack in the deep seismic reflection profiles from seismic data during data interpretation, aiming to reduce the non-uniqueness in the interpretations of only deep seismic reflection amplitude; (4) Multi-disciplinary, -angle, -scale and -method mutual supplementation and validation in the comprehensive research for the purpose of reducing the multiplicity of solutions of the reflection profiles and improving the accuracy and reliability of the results.