论不同构造煤类型煤层气开发

我国构造煤类型多,分布广泛,蕴含的煤层气资源量大,探明率低,开发难度大.本文在野外和实验室综合研究基础上,提出适合于煤层气资源开发的“描述+成因”的构造煤分类方案,按照固结类型将构造煤划分为未固结构造煤、固结构造煤两大类,及其对应的碎散煤、脆性煤和韧性煤3个系列,各种类型的构造煤依照形状或特殊结构构造进一步加以描述区分.不同类型的构造煤组合具有较明显的横向和垂向含气分带性特征,形成典型的构造非均质性煤层气藏.我国低煤阶构造煤和中高煤阶构造煤的发育情况与区域大地构造发生和演变具有相关性.构造煤煤层气开发更加强调系统论思想和配套技术集成开发,根据构造煤发育强度及赋存状态的差异,开发对象包括煤层、顶底板和夹矸(薄夹层)等含煤岩系；根据不同的开发对象,应有针对性地选用包括增温驱气等系统配套技术进行勘探开发.

Scheme for Subdivision of Tectonic Coal Systematics: Implications for Coalbed Methane Development

The geotectonic framework of coal has become highly complicated owing to superimposition and reworking by multiperiodic tectonism in China. On the basis of a series of characteristics, such as geotectonics, coal geology, coalbed methane geology, rheology, a new classification of tectonic coal has been established. There are two evidently types of tectonic coal systematics, i.e. unconsolidated coal rock and consolidated coal rock, the former named dispersed coal series, the latter may be subdivided into cataclastic coal series and mylonitic coal series. Furthermore, the series may be subdivided into several subtypes, according to the size of coal fragment and particle diameter and the content of matrix. Meanwhile, an examination of CBM from the inside outward tectonic coal shows that equilibrium of adsorption and desorption of CBM has been broken by tectonic force during crucial tectonic periods, thus tectonic coal petrotectonic assemblages are characterized by great intense heterogeneity CBM reservoir. Therefore new methods such as refracturing, multilateral well, heating drive gas technology, and roof and locked middlings stimulating have been proposed so as to deal with the variety and complicated geological problems of the CBM development.