论海洋无脊椎动物染色体操作过程中中心体对细胞分裂和倍性的影响

根据对中心体研究的最新进展，着重论述了杂色体组操作过程中中心体对细胞分裂和倍性的影响。在海洋无脊椎动物多倍体育种中，其染色体组的加倍多是通过抑制细胞分裂实现的，然而正是在此操作的同时也改变了细胞中中心体的数目。在双中心粒中心体细胞中，由于中心体数目的变化将直接影响到下一次细胞分裂中期纺锤体的极性（单极、双极或多极），进而影响到姊妹染色体的分离及细胞的分裂和倍性。深入仔细地开展有关这方面的研究，不仅可以揭示细胞分裂的许多奥密，而且可以为海洋无脊椎动物染色体组工程的研究提供细胞学基础，达到事半功倍的效果。

EFFECTS OF CENTROSOME ON CELL DIVISION AND PLOIDY DURING THE CHROMOSOME MANIPULA-TION IN MARINE INVERTEBRATES

Centrosome behavior during the chromosome manipulation in marine inverte-brates and its effects on cell division and states of ploidy are disscussed using the data from observations on sea urchin, starfish and oyster. In theory, when produc-tion of the first or second polar bodies is inhibited in fertilized eggs, or first mi-totic cell division is suppressed by chemicals, pressure, or temperature, triploid or tetraploid would be induced. But the concomitant change in the centrosome number in the forming cell will effect the efficacy of ploidy manipulations since the wrong number of centrosomes would inevitably lead to various states of spindle po-larity (bipolarity, tripolarity and multipolarity), and therefore, lead to aneuploidy and a consequent Ioss of viability for the progeny of the cells. So detailed analysis of the centrosome activity, spindle organization and distribution of chromosomes during the meiotic and mitotic events may provide not only a better understanding of cellular and deve1opmental processes in general but also new insights into methods for increasing the efficacy of chromosome manipulation in marine invertebrates.