Spatial distribution of deformation bands in damage zones of extensional faults in porous sandstones: Statistical analysis of field data |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research (CIPR), Uni Research, P.O. Box 7810, 5020 Bergen, Norway;2. University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway;3. Department of Geoscience/University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway;1. U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5243 Géosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier II, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. AREVA NC, BU Mines Direction Géosciences, 92084, La Défense, Paris, France;3. U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Département Géosciences, U.F.R. Sciences et Techniques, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France;1. School of Geosciences, King''s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK;2. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia;3. TOTAL, CSTJF, Avenue Larribau, 64108 Pau Cedex, France;1. U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5243 Géosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway;3. Museum of Natural History, University of Bergen, Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway;2. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Catalonia, Spain;3. NORSAR, Gunnar Randers vei 15, 2007, Kjeller, Norway;4. GeoTeric, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 2LA, United Kingdom;1. UB Rock Fracture Group, Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;2. EQT Production, EQT Plaza, 625 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA;3. Department of Physics, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA;4. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, USA |
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| Abstract: | The distribution of deformation bands in damage zones of extensional faults in porous sandstones has been analyzed using 106 outcrop scanlines along which the position and frequency of deformation bands have been recorded. The analysis reveals a non-linear relationship between damage zone width and fault throw, a logarithmic decrease in deformation band frequency away from the fault core, as well as a fractal spatial distribution associated with clustering of the deformation bands. Furthermore, damage zones appear wider in the hanging wall than in the footwall, although the deformation band density is similar on both sides. Statistical trends derived from the database imply that fault growth in porous sandstones can be considered as a scale invariant process. From an initial process zone, the damage zone grows by a constant balance between the development of new deformation bands in the existing damage zone and the creation of new bands outside. Moreover, as the width of the damage zone increases throughout the active lifetime of a fault, the distribution of the deformation bands in the damage zone remains self-similar. Hence band distribution and damage zone width for seismically mapped faults can be predicted from the relationships found in this paper. |
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| Keywords: | Fault damage zone Deformation bands Clustering Width–throw relationship Fault growth |
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