Notes on the divergence time of the fern genus Asplenium from fossil and molecular evidence |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Hamburg, Center of Natural History-Geological-Paleontological Museum and Institute for Geology, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany;2. Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115, Berlin, Germany;3. Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany;4. Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung Mit Phyletischem Museum, Ernst-Hackel-Haus und Biologiedidaktik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr 1, D-07743, Jena, Germany;5. University of Hamburg, Center of Natural History – Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC), La Plata, Argentina;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;3. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland;4. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;1. National Institute of Marine Geology and Geoecology Bucharest, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul, RO-024053 Bucharest, Romania;2. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, 1 Nicolae Bălcescu Avenue, RO-010041 Bucharest, Romania;1. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, IGc/USP. Rua do Lago, 562, CEP. 05508-080, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, IG/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Museu de Ciências Naturais e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Centro Universitário, UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil;4. Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, IGCE/UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;5. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IGE/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The extant fern genus Asplenium Linnaeus, 1753 is widely distributed in tropical-temperate regions and shows a high diversity. The oldest fossils assigned to it comprise fronds and spores preserved in situ from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast Asia. However, molecular dating suggests that Asplenium diverged during the Paleocene (∼57.7 Ma). Here we present some explanations for the disparity in fossil and molecular age estimates, and new insights into the origin and evolution of the genus. We suggest that Cretaceous Asplenium most likely represents a stem-group member, and that lineage extinction during the early evolutionary stages of the genus resulted in missing nodes. |
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| Keywords: | Fossil Phylogeny Molecular dating |
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