高放废物地质处置研究中的矿物学问题

在高放废物地质处置研究中的一些矿物学问题应引起矿物学家的注意 。高放废物地 质处置库的缓冲/回填材料是选择以钠质蒙脱石为主要成分的钠基膨润土，还是以钙质蒙脱 石为主的钙基膨润土?怎样选择对99Tc、129I有较好吸附能力的硒汞矿、脆 硫锑铅矿和辉锑矿的替代物来作缓冲/回填材料中的添加剂，以能阻滞99Tc和129 I的迁移?沸石对某些放射性核素的吸附特征也需进一步研究。

The Mineralogical Problems in Study on Disposal of High Level Radioactive Waste

The concept on geological disposal of high level radioactive waste (H LW) is a multi-barrier sysytem, including waste container, buffer/backfill mate rial and geological formation. Some significant mineralogical problems related t o geological disposal of HLW are shown below: 1.Mineralogical study of montmoril lonite in bentonite is very important in study on buffer/backfill material of HL W repository. Bentonite mainly consisting of Na-montmorillonite and that of Ca -montmorillonite are very different in many properties. What kind of bentonite is better as a buffer/backfill material in HLW repository? 2.Sorption capacity o f 99　Tc and 129　I on stibnite, boulaugerite and tiemannite is very good. However, these minerals are rare in the nature. It is necessary for miner alogists to find substitutes of those minerals as additives in buffer/backfill m aterials of HLW repository. 3.Zeolite has a good sorption capac ity for some nuclides. Mineralogists should pay attention to application of zeol ite in geological disposal of nuclear wastes.