Filling Pattern of Volcanostratigraphy of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Changbaishan Area and Possible Future Eruptions

The Cenozoic volcanostratigraphy in the Changbaishan area had complex building processes. Twenty-two eruption periods have been determined from the Wangtian’e, Touxi, and Changbaishan volcanoes. The complex volcanostratigraphy of the Changbaishan area can be divided into four types of filling patterns from bottom to top. They are lava flows filling in valleys (LFFV), lava flows filling in platform (LFFP), lava flows formed the cone (LFFC), and pyroclastic Flow filling in crater or valleys (PFFC/V). LFFV has been divided into four layers and terminates as a lateral overlap. The topography of LFFV, which is controlled by the landform, is lens shaped with a wide flat top and narrow bottom. LFFP has been divided into three layers and terminates as a lateral downlap. The topography of LFFP is sheet and tabular shaped with a narrow top and wide bottom. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by multiple eruptive centers distributed along the fissure. The topography of LFFC, which is located above the LFFP, has a hummocky shape with a narrow sloping top and a wide flat bottom. It terminates as a later downlap or backstepping. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by a single eruptive center. The topography of PFFC/V, which located above the LFFC, LFFP, or valley, has the shape of fan and terminates as a lateral downlap or overlap. It has a small width to thickness ratio and was built by a single eruptive center. The filling pattern is controlled by temperature, SiO2 content, volatile content, magma volume, and the paleolandform. In the short term, the eruptive production of the Changbaishan area is comenditic ash or pumice of a Plinian type eruption. The eruptive volume in future should be smaller than that of the Baguamiao?period, and the filling pattern should be PFFC/V, which may cause huge damage to adjacent areas.

Filling Pattern of Volcanostratigraphy of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Changbaishan Area and Possible Future Eruptions

The Cenozoic volcanostratigraphy in the Changbaishan area had complex building processes. Twenty‐two eruption periods have been determined from the Wangtian'e, Touxi, and Changbaishan volcanoes. The complex volcanostratigraphy of the Changbaishan area can be divided into four types of filling patterns from bottom to top. They are lava flows filling in valleys (LFFV), lava flows filling in platform (LFFP), lava flows formed the cone (LFFC), and pyroclastic Flow filling in crater or valleys (PFFC/V). LFFV has been divided into four layers and terminates as a lateral overlap. The topography of LFFV, which is controlled by the landform, is lens shaped with a wide flat top and narrow bottom. LFFP has been divided into three layers and terminates as a lateral downlap. The topography of LFFP is sheet and tabular shaped with a narrow top and wide bottom. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by multiple eruptive centers distributed along the fissure. The topography of LFFC, which is located above the LFFP, has a hummocky shape with a narrow sloping top and a wide flat bottom. It terminates as a later downlap or backstepping. It has large width to thickness ratio. It was built by a single eruptive center. The topography of PFFC/V, which located above the LFFC, LFFP, or valley, has the shape of fan and terminates as a lateral downlap or overlap. It has a small width to thickness ratio and was built by a single eruptive center. The filling pattern is controlled by temperature, SiO₂ content, volatile content, magma volume, and the paleolandform. In the short term, the eruptive production of the Changbaishan area is comenditic ash or pumice of a Plinian type eruption. The eruptive volume in future should be smaller than that of the Baguamiao period, and the filling pattern should be PFFC/V, which may cause huge damage to adjacent areas.