城市体系多样性的分析方法及其实证研究

在对传统的城市职能分类方法进行改进的基础上,建立了一个进行城市体系多样性测度的理论框架与方法,在一定程度上拓展了城市体系的研究领域,最后对2011年中国地级以上城市进行了实证研究。研究表明：① 中国地级以上城市职工二三产业就业结构大致相当,其中制造业所占比例最高。随着城市规模的增加,市平均职能的个数明显增多,验证了中心地理论的理论假设。② 中国各省区城市体系的α多样性的空间差异较大。α多样性指数高的省区主要集中在中东部地区,其大小主要受区域人口密度的影响;③ 多数2个相邻样带之间的β多样性指数与其它各组相比均相对较小,说明区域城市类型结构沿人口密度的变化大致呈现均匀渐变的特征,但人口密度在0.80~0.90 千人/km²和0.30~0.40 千人/km²的样带具有较为独特的城市类型结构;④ 从计算得到的γ多样性指数看,第二产业中的资源、制造、建筑职能较突出的城市空间分布的多样性较低,第三产业各职能较突出的城市在空间上分布比较均匀。

Analytic Methods of Urban System Diversity and Its Empirical Study

This article gives both details and overview of research development and analytical methods in urban systems. Then this article describes the spatial distribution pattern of urban system based on the data of the Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above in 2011. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. 1) The proportion of secondary industry employment is roughly equal to the tertiary industries of the Chinese cities at the prefecture level or above and the proportion of manufacturing industry is highest. There exits a large difference among cities with different sizes. The tertiary industry′s polarization phenomenon is more obvious. With the increase of city size, the number of city functions has significantly increased. It′s to verify the theoretical assumptions of the central place theory. 2) Urban system′s α diversity of provinces are quite different. Provinces with high α diversity index mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions. It is mainly affected by the regional population density, while there is no significant relationship with per capita GDP and urbanization ratio. 3) The majority of two adjacent transects′β diversity index were relatively small compared with those of the two other groups, it is indicating that the type of urban structure changes substantially along the population density, but cities in transects with population density of 800-900/km² and 300-400/km² have more unique urban type structure. 4) From the computing results of γ diversity index, spatial distribution diversity of the cities with resources, manufacturing or building role in the secondary industry is low, and space distribution of the cities with various functions in the tertiary industry is relatively uniform.