Environmental impacts of sea reclamation in Jiaozhou Gulf, Shandong province of China

The coastal zone, the interface between the sea and the land, has a variety of characteristics, such as resource abundance, multiple services, ecological fragility and frequent occurrence of disasters. It has been under tremendous pressure from human activities, especially increasing sea reclamation in recent years. Sea reclamation, which is an effective way to alleviate human pressure on coastal land, is especially apparent in the coastal zone of Jiaozhou Gulf, located in the southern part of Shandong Province. As a massive human intervention, sea reclamation inevitably has great effects on all aspects of the coastal system.