河北平原地下水开发中的问题及可持续利用

河北平原是我国严重缺水地区，但在地下水开发过程中，引起了多种环境问题，如地下水位持续下降；地下水位降落漏斗不断扩大，地下含水层疏干；地面发生沉降及出现地裂缝；海、咸水入侵等等。作者从水资源、环境和社会经济的特点出发，提出实现水资源和社会经济可持续发展的对策：全面实施节水战略，努力实现工业、农业、居民生活、生态环境的高效用水，逐步建立起节水型社会；提高城市污水资源化利用率；利用海水、咸水、减少淡水用量；实施跨流域调水；保护水资源和改善水环境是缓解河北平原缺水和环境问题的重要措施。

PROBLEMS IN EXPLOINTING GROUNDWATER AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION IN HEBEI PLAIN

Heibei Plain is an area of serious shortage water resource. There are a lot of the environmental problems in course of groundwater exploitation: underground water table has sustained to decline; depression cones of the underground water table have continued enlarged; underground water-bearing rock association drained; land subsides, ground is fractured; seawater and salt water intruded. According to characteristics of water resources, environment and national ecology, authors put forward the countermeasures which are helpful for water resources and national economy sustainable development: actualizing the moving water of the bestriding across Yangtze River drainage area, protecting water resources and improving water environment, and actualizing the saving water stratagem overall and realizing high efficiently using of water in the agriculture; Industry and agriculture could use seawater or salt water. These are the important measures, which would relax water deficit situation and environmental problems in Heibei Plain.