地理信息系统（GIS）在地质学中的应用

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）在最近５～８年中已普遍应用，它是在计算机上储存、编组和分析空间信息的系统。ＧＩＳ研究项目利用ＰＣＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ软件处理地质和地理信息。自１９６０年以来，从南非海岸收集了大量海洋地质和地球物理信息，包括地震资料、声纳扫描、测深、磁法和重力记录，以及大量海底沉积物和岩石标本。这些资料对环境保护和矿产资源勘查方面的未来科学研究很有价值。目前这些信息难以利用，因为分析结果尚未能以一种方式储存可以直接相容。我们正在建立数据库，使用“ｄＢＡＳＥⅣ”和“ＰＣＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ”以科学的、系统的方式连接各类地质和地球物理数据，从而提供利用这些信息的简单方便的方法。本文展示了南非西南海岸海洋沉积物分析的初步结果。扩大和改进数据库的研究正在进行。文中探讨了利用ＧＩＳ处理一般地质信息的可能性和优势。

THE APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN GEOLOGY

Geographical Information Systems(GIS) have been in use for the past 15 years,buthave only become commonly available over the past 5～8years,A GIS is a system for storing,organizing and analysing spatial information on a computer.This research project makes use ofPC ARC/INFO,a widely used GIS package,to handle geological and geophysical information.Since 1960 a large quantity of marine geological and geophysical information has been collectedoff the South African coast.These data include seismic,side-scan sonar,bathymetric,magneticand gravity records,as well as a large number of sea-floor sediment and rock samples.Thesedata are a potentially valuable resource for future scientific research on environmental protec-tion and exploration for mineral resources.At present this information is difficult to use becausethe analytical results have not been stored in such a way as to make them immediately compati-ble.We are working to establish a database which links these various types of geological andgeophysical data in a scientific and systematic manner using“dBASE4”and“PC ARC/INFO”,thereby providing a simple and convenient way of utilizing this information.This paper shows the preliminary results of marine sediment analyses from the south-westcoast of South Africa.Further research is in progress to amplify and improve this database.Inthis paper we also discuss some of the possibilities and advantages of using GIS to handle gener-al geological information,on the basis of our successful experience.