基于自然解决方案的黄河中游国土空间生态修复——以陕西榆林国土空间生态修复为例

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是重大国家战略，要推进黄河流域大保护、大治理，保障黄河长治久安，让黄河成为造福人民的幸福河，在生态保护修复过程中加强对自然生态系统本身恢复能力的利用，突出水资源保护与优化配置，已成为黄河流域及黄土高原地区生态修复中亟需解决的重要科学问题。在分析陕西省榆林市生态特征与生态功能定位的基础上，运用现状调查、综合评判等方法识别当前存在的主要生态问题，比如水土流失、矿山生态破坏、黄河沿岸生态系统脆弱、局部地区地下水位下降趋势明显等。针对性地提出"保持水土资源，恢复自然生态"理念、以保水为主线的基于自然（NbS）的生态修复方案，构建了"一廊两带三区多点"的生态修复格局，形成了4种基于水和NbS的黄土高原地区生态修复模式，布置了16项生态修复工程。通过优化榆林地区生态修复理论与模式，增强对水资源的保护和利用，发展基于自然的生态修复模式，提高了黄河中游生态安全格局，进而促进了黄河流域高质量发展。研究成果为黄河中游国土空间生态修复提供了理论支持。

Ecological restoration of China's territorial space in Yulin section of the Yellow River Basin through nature-based solutions

Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is a major national strategy.It is essential to promote substantial protection and governance in the Yellow River Basin, ensuring its long-term stability and transforming the Yellow River into a blissful river that benefits the people.Strengthening the utilization of the natural ecosystem's inherent recovery ability in the process of ecological protection and restoration, emphasizing water resource protection and optimized allocation, has become an urgent scientific issue to be resolved in ecological restoration in the Yellow River Basin and the Loess Plateau area.Based on analyzing the ecological characteristics and functional positioning of Yulin City, this study identifies the current main ecological problems using methods like status quo surveys and comprehensive evaluation: soil erosion, ecological destruction due to mining, vulnerability of the Yellow River coastal ecosystems, and significant trends in the decline of groundwater levels in some areas.This research proposes targeted "conservation of soil and water resources and restoration of natural ecology" concepts and an ecology restoration plan centered around water conservation based on nature(NbS).A pattern of ecological restoration consisting of "one corridor, two belts, three areas, and multiple points" has been constructed, forming four kinds of ecological restoration modes in the Loess Plateau area based on water and NbS, arranging 16 ecological restoration projects.By optimizing ecological restoration theories and models in the Yulin area, enhancing the protection and utilization of water resources, and developing nature-based ecological restoration models, the ecological safety pattern of the middle reaches of the Yellow River is improved, further promoting high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.The research results provide theoretical support for the ecological restoration of national space in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.