丽江黑龙潭泉群水文地质特征及断流的影响因素分析

黑龙潭泉群为丽江古城流水源头,是古城生活用水、景观用水和服务业用水的主要来源之一。近年来,黑龙潭泉群流量丰枯变幅增大,干旱年或特大干旱年出现季节性或跨年度干涸,从2011年8月以来,黑龙潭泉群流量明显减小,月平均流量由0.695 m^3/s 减至0.186 m^3/s,并于2012年1月21日全面断流,截至2013年6月仍未见出流。为给丽江盆地地下水资源保护和持续利用提供水文地质科学依据和技术支持,本文对黑龙潭泉群岩溶水系统水文地质特征进行了分析,认为降水量减少是泉群断流的主要原因,而补给区生态环境恶化和泉群下游地下水开采则在一定程度上加剧了泉群的断流发生频次。在此基础上,提出了提高黑龙潭泉群补给区的水源涵养能力、加强水资源的调控和管理、严格依法管理黑龙潭泉群水源保护区等建议。

Hydrogeologic features and influence factors of zero flow of the Heilongtan spring group in Lijiang

Water from the Heilongtan spring group is one of the main sources for living,landscape and the service in the old town of Lijiang.In recent years,the amplitude of the spring group flows between wet and dry period is increasing.Seasonal or annual drought event is occurred when in drought or extreme drought years.Since August,201 1,the Heilongtan spring group’s flow has reduced significantly.The monthly av-erage flow has reduced from 0.695 m^3/ s to 0.186 m^3/s.And zero flow once occurred on January 21,2012. On June 13,2013,the spring group is still zero flow.In this paper,karst water system of the Heilongtan spring is analyzed.It is considered that the main reason of zero flow is less precipitation.While both of the ecologic environment destruction in the recharge area and the exploitation of groundwater also aggravates the setting off frequency of the Heilongtan spring.On this basis,some measures are put forward in the paper, such as improving the water conservation function of recharge area,strengthening the control and manage-ment of water resources,managing the water conservation district according to law strictly.