Delineation of groundwater recharge zones and identification of artificial recharge sites in West Medinipur district,West Bengal,using RS,GIS and MCDM techniques |
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Authors: | Alivia Chowdhury Madan K Jha V M Chowdary |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, B.C.K.V., Mohanpur, 741252, West Bengal, India;(2) AgFE Department, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India;(3) RRSSC, ISRO, IIT Kharagpur Campus, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India |
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Abstract: | Artificial recharge plays a pivotal role in the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study proposes a methodology
to delineate artificial recharge zones as well as to identify favorable artificial recharge sites using integrated remote
sensing (RS), geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques for augmenting groundwater
resources in the West Medinipur district of West Bengal, India, which has been facing water shortage problems for the past
few years. The thematic layers considered in this study are: geomorphology, geology, drainage density, slope and aquifer transmissivity,
which were prepared using IRS-1D imagery and conventional data. Different themes and their corresponding features were assigned
proper weights based on their relative contribution to groundwater recharge in the area, and normalized weights were computed
using the Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process (AHP). These thematic layers were then integrated in the GIS environment to delineate
artificial recharge zones in the study area. The artificial recharge map thus obtained divided the study area into three zones,
viz., ‘suitable,’ ‘moderately suitable’ and ‘unsuitable’ according to their suitability for artificial groundwater recharge.
It was found that about 46% of the study area falls under ‘suitable’ zone, whereas 43% falls under the ‘moderately suitable’
zone. The western portion of the study area was found to be unsuitable for artificial recharge. The artificial recharge zone
map of the study area was found to be in agreement with the map of mean groundwater depths over the area. Furthermore, forty
possible sites for artificial recharge were also identified using RS and GIS techniques. Based on the available field information,
check dams are suggested as promising artificial recharge structures. The results of this study could be used to formulate
an efficient groundwater management plan for the study area so as to ensure sustainable utilization of scarce groundwater
resources. |
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