分工深化、知识创造与产业集群成长——河南鄢陵县花木产业的案例研究

产业集群的成长是在分工深化与知识创造的动态交互作用下实现的。通过河南省鄢陵县花木产业集群的案例分析,试图以演化经济地理学为理论基础,来挖掘决定分工深化、知识创造的因素,分工深化与知识创造的关系及其影响集群成长的机制。研究发现,产业集群是解决"分工好处和交易费用增加的两难冲突"的一种高效产业组织模式,也是同时实现劳动分工协调与知识协调的一种高效协调机制;市场需求扩大、分工深化、知识创造与扩散之间互动引致的收益递增和集群租金,构成了集群成长的关键机制。而在分工深化与知识创造中,政府的强力推动、地方创业家的兴起、知识传播通道的建构发挥着关键作用。

Deepening division of labor, knowledge creation and the growth of industrial dusters. A case study of the flowers and plants industry in Yanling County, Henan Province, China

Questions regarding the evolution and mechanisms of clusters have generated heated debates. While some scholars have followed the perspective of the deepening of division of labor, others have adopted the lens of knowledge creation. In fact, these two processes are not mutually exclusive but complimentary, and they function interactively to shape the growth of industrial clusters. Drawing from perspectives of evolutionary economic geography, this paper develops a conceptual framework to integrate these two driving forces of clusters and their path dependent relationship, and uses this framework to analyze the flowers and plants industry in Yanling County. The case study shows that the key mechanisms underlying the growth of the cluster depend on a series of cumulative causation processes including the expansion of external market demands, the deepening of division of labor, the creation and diffusion of knowledge, and increasing returns. This study also finds that local governments, entrepreneurs, and channels of knowledge transfer play a pivotal role in cluster growth during the process of the deepening division of labor and knowledge creation.