台湾海峡M_2分潮的三维数值模拟

本文利用普林斯顿海洋模式对台湾海峡 Ｍ ２ 分潮作了分辨率较高的三维数值模拟。在较准确地模拟了潮汐分布的基础上，研究了 Ｍ ２ 分潮流椭圆分析、最大流同时线分布、潮流场的水平及垂直结构，最后还给出了 Ｍ ２ 分潮余流、余水位的分布。结果表明， Ｍ ２ 分潮最大流同时线在海峡中部同时形成密集区和一个圆流点；构成海峡潮波系统的两股潮波中，南支潮波的影响似超出了以往所认为的范围；最大潮流仅在近海底处急剧减小，最大流方向随深度增加右转，到近底层又向左转；潮汐余流和余水位均较弱，仅在澎湖水道、台湾浅滩附近余流较大。

Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation of M 2 Tide in the Taiwan Strait

Three dimensional numerical study of M 2 tide in the Taiwan Strait is made with fairly high resolution using Princeton Ocean Model. First of all, tidal distribution is simulated with high precision, and the cotidal chart is provided. Based on this work, the distribution of M 2 tidal current ellipse, the cotidal current line and the horizontal and vertical structure of tidal current field are studied. In addition, the residual current and residual elevation of M 2 tide are also calculated. The results show: (1) There is a M 2 current amphidromic point and a concentrative zone of cotidal current line in the middle of the Taiwan Strait. (2) The M 2 tidal wave of the Taiwan Strait is constituted by two waves coming from the north and south. It seems that the influence of the south wave is stronger than it was thought to be. (3) The M 2 maximum tidal current reduced sharply only within the bottom layer; the direction of maximum tidal current turns to right with increase of water depth whereas turns to left near the bottom layer.