柴达木盆地西部油气藏的破坏类型与机理

油气藏破坏是一种普遍的自然现象，地质历史时期任何类型的油气聚集都是短暂的动态变化史体，均随着时间的推移，在某些地质因素的影响下遭到破坏。根据构造演化史和成藏史研究，柴达木盆地西部上新世-第四纪是原生油气藏的破坏和次生油气藏的形成时期。野外地质考察发现油气藏破坏的地面显示类型多样，主要有：油砂、固体沥青和石蜡以及泥火山或油墩子。对油气藏的破坏因素分析表明：柴西油气藏破坏类型主要有断裂活动破坏、油藏抬升剥蚀破坏和异常高压作用破坏3种类型，而且油气藏破坏往往是断裂活动和汕藏抬升综合作用的结果。该研究对当地的油气勘探具有一定的参考和指导意义。

Destruction Types and Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the Western Qaidam Basin

Destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs is an inevitable process due to temporal and dynamic variability inherited in any kind of hydrocarbon accumulation which is susceptible to certain geologic factors in the geologic time. According to the history of tectonic evolution and reservoir formation in the western Qaidam basin, the period from late Pliocene to Quaternary is responsible for the destruction of primary reservoir and the formation of secondary reservoir. There are many types of oil and gas shows on the ground, such as oil sand, pitchy, paraffin, mud volcano and oil hillock. Analysis on geological factors causing the destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs shows that fault movement, hydrocarbon reservoir uplift and abnormally high pressure are the main types for the destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Furthermore, the destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs is a synthetic action by fault movement and hydrocarbon reservoir uplift. The study played certain role in guiding oil-gas exploration work in the western Qaidam.