中国省级尺度不同类型主体功能区资金来源结构差异

资金是推进形成主体功能区的重要支撑，正确处理好资金配置中政府和市场的关系是其有效发挥作用的关键。中国不同类型主体功能区在建设初期面临不同的资金约束和资金需求特征，必将带来区域资金配置中政府与市场关系的差异，为了制定更有效、合理的主体功能区资金保障政策，有必要对此进行深入分析。首先建立由市场资金和政府资金构成的区域资金来源结构，其中资金市场化程度指标与中央财政依赖度指标分别反映了区域市场资金相对吸引能力和中央政府财政的支撑力度；选取已经发布省级主体功能区规划的12 个省级行政单元为研究区，对理论分析进行验证。结果表明：四类主体功能区中，开发类地区市场资金比重大于保护类地区，优化开发区市场资金比重大于重点开发区。基于主体功能区规划的初衷，开发类地区更加注重经济效益，且具有更高的预期经济收益，这是其市场资金比重高于保护类地区的主要原因；而在开发类地区内部，优化开发区转型升级产生的资金溢出压力远小于其优越投资环境产生的资金吸引力，这是其市场资金比重高于重点开发区的主要原因。

Funding source structure in different types of provincial-level Major Function Oriented Zones (MFOZs) in China

Fund is one of the most important factors of regional economic growth and social development, and the spatial distribution of funds plays an important role in the distribution of regional development activities. Sound distribution of funds will help narrow the gap in regional development, or otherwise the gap will be widening. Various factors drive the distribution of different types of funds and there are significant variations between the spatial distributions of market fund and government fund, with the results that different areas have different ratios of such funds. Coordinating the allocation of market and government funds is an effective guarantee of smooth implementation of Major Function Oriented Zone(MFOZ) Planning. Within a particular region, different types of MFOZs are confronted with different fund constraints and fund needs. They also have different abilities to attract the two types of funds. Theoretical analysis shows that while market fund focuses on efficiency, government fund emphasizes fairness. Thus, because of their varied levels and potentials of economic development, Development-Optimized Regions have higher attractiveness to market funds as compared to Development- Prioritized Regions, and Development Regions have higher attractiveness than Restricted Regions. Nevertheless, based on the request of the national planning of MFOZs, Restricted Regions must protect food security and their ecological integrity, which also require a large amount of fund supply. The large gap between the demand and supply of market funds should be reduced by government funding, which leads to different funding structures in different MFOZs. This paper verifies the above theoretical analysis using data from 12 provincial- level administrative units that have issued Major Function Oriented Zones Planning, with two indices: degree of market fund utilization index and state financing dependency index. We found that: (1) There is an inverse relationship between these two indices, that is, the regions that have better potential of attracting market funds received less central government funding. (2) The provincial scale analysis for county fund data shows that the proportion of market fund from high to low is as follows: Development-Optimized Region, Development- Prioritized Region, Development-Restricted Region. (3) The empirical finding is not entirely consistent with the theoretical analysis results, because industrial upgrading pressure in Development-Optimized Regions is not completely translated into fund overflow pressure. (4) Based on the experiences of areas that underwent the most successful economy transition, regional industrial upgrading should be implemented through the process of "economic downturn and rebound". (5) More government funds should be diverted to Development-Optimized Regions as well as Development-Restricted Regions in order to balance production development and livelihood improvement considerations.