基于土地精明利用的城乡统筹系统调控

为实现区域城乡统筹发展，在界定城乡统筹系统概念、界面和性质的基础上，分析影响城乡统筹发展的主要因素，应用突变理论对城乡统筹系统进行理论研究，并借鉴城市精明增长理论，提出土地精明利用调控城乡统筹系统要素实现城乡统筹发展的思想。城乡统筹系统的界面包括城市与乡村之间的界面、城乡统筹前后的界面和城乡系统间的界面；影响城乡统筹系统的主要因素有城乡现实、农户意愿、政府政策，其中城乡现实是城乡统筹发展的基础，农户意愿是城乡统筹发展自下而上的内在动力，政府政策是城乡统筹发展自上而下的外部引力；以土地为纽带，利用“农地整治、村镇改造、要素配置”3个土地精明工具，通过土地利用数量、结构与利用方式的调整与优化，消除城乡系统之间要素流动的障碍，促进土地、劳动力等要素在城乡之间双向流动，达到增强农村经济活力、保障城市经济发展、缩小城乡差距的目的，最终实现“生活殷实、生产繁荣、福利共享、生态优美”的城乡统筹发展目标。

Regulation of urban-rural harmony system based on land smart use

The purpose of this research is to study the realization of harmonized regional urban-rural development. Firstly, this study defines the concept, interface and properties of urban-rural harmonized system. Secondly, we analyze the main influencing factors of urban-rural development. Then, the research systematically studies the urban-rural harmonized system by the use of catastrophe theory, and employs urban smart growth theory to bring forward the idea of urban-rural harmonized development utilizing land smart use to regulate urban-rural system elements. Harmonized urban-rural development is to coordinate the relationship between a city and the countryside within a regional urban-rural system. A fuzzy interface exists between the city and the countryside because of the socioeconomic development gap and the dual social system structure in urban-rural areas. There is an obvious gap of social and economic development levels between the urban area and the rural area. Therefore, urban-rural system is defined by two subsystems of the city and the villages affected by a fuzzy interface. The fuzzy interface is determined by a series of urban-rural social, economic and environmental factors. The interface of urban-rural harmonized system includes three types: interface between cities and countries, interface between the urban-rural system prior to and after harmonization, and interface between one urban-rural system and the others. The properties of an urban-rural harmonized system include the complexity of the system elements; limited scope of the system; dynamic characteristic of the system and the transformation of overall system. Main factors affecting urban-rural system harmonization are urban-rural reality, farmers' will, and government policy. Urban-rural reality is the basic platform of urban-rural harmonized development. Farmers' will is the bottom-up intrinsic motivation. Government policy is the top-down guiding force. Land is not only the basic means of agricultural production, but also space for urban construction, so land is the bridge and linkage between urban and rural areas. The connotation of urban- rural development is similar to the thinking of smart growth theory. They all realize harmonious development of the resource and environment systems and effective allocation of the economic and production elements. Urban-rural harmonized development focuses on the interaction between urban and rural areas, whereas smart growth theory focuses on the internal flow of elements in inner city. This study proposes three land smart use tools-consolidation of agricultural land; reconstruction of villages and towns; elements' reallocation. The adjustment and optimization in the amount, structure and pattern of urban-rural land use will eliminate the barriers of elements' mobility between urban-rural systems and promote the two-way flow of various elements between urban and rural areas. Land smart use can enhance rural economic vitality, ensure urban economic development, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, and achieve the urban-rural harmonized development goals characterized by a well-off living, prosperous production, commonly shared welfare, and healthy and beautiful environment.