中国保健食品的结构特征及其发展趋向

保健食品是具有与生物防御、生物节律调整、防止疾病、恢复健康等有关的功能因素,经设计加工,对生物体有明显调整功能的食品。我国保健食品始于1980年,20年来,随着国民经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高,保健食品的生产和消费也迅速发展。截止2002年底,全国保健食品生产企业848家,当年具有批准文号的产品共1 474种。本文对保健食品的功能、区域、产品原料、所有制、产品剂型、质量管理等方面进行了分析。分析表明:从产品功能看,主要集中于免疫调节功能、调节血脂、抗疲劳的产品,这3类产品共占全部保健食品市场的61.7%;从区域特征看,半数以上的企业仍集中在沿海地区;从保健食品原料分类看,以中草药原料为主,占44.5%;从所有制结构看,民营企业为主,已占全部保健食品企业的17.9%;从产品剂型结构看,胶囊剂(软/硬)是主打剂型,占56.4%;科技投入占当年产品销售收人的2.3%;全国仅有13.1%企业通过GMP和ISO体系认证。最后分别从中老年、中青年和青少年3个消费群提出了今后保健食品的发展方向。

Structural Characteristics and Development Tendency of Health Food in China

Health food is characterized by biological cycle adjustment, disease prevention, health improvement, which is food of important health function for human physiology. Rapidly development of health food in China since 1980s, the enterprises of health food production reaches to 848, the different kind of products of health food 1 474.The structural characteristic is analyzed in this paper. Analysis result indicates that: most of health food focus on in immunity function, regulation fat of lifeblood, anti-fatigue by food function, the three kind of products representing more than 60% of all over China market; more than half of enterprises locates in coastal areas by regional allocation; Chinese herbal medicine is main material source of health food production, representing 44.5 % of material source by production material; private-run enterprise is key sector accounting for 17.9% of health food enterprises around China; capsule is key product sector composing of 56.4% of all health foods by type; of all enterprises of health food, 13.1% obtained certification of GMP and ISO system. Finally the development trend of health food is discussed in this paper based on three kinds of consumer groups, including middle-old age, middle-young age, young-juvenile age.