区域土壤侵蚀定量研究的国内外进展

由于水土保持宏观决策的需要、土壤侵蚀学科自身的进步和全球变化研究的促进，过去的10多年来，国内外研究者对区域尺度土壤侵蚀研究给予了高度重视。已经开展的主要研究包括:全球和区域（包括国家尺度）土壤侵蚀调查、区域土壤侵蚀过程和尺度效应、区域土壤侵蚀因子和区域土壤侵蚀模型等。将区域土壤侵蚀作为现代陆地地表过程的一部分，充分考虑全球变化的影响，集成土壤侵蚀研究成果与遥感和GIS技术，开发分布式区域土壤侵蚀模型，成为区域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究的基本趋势。在对国内外区域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究评述的基础上，提出我国近期在区域土壤侵蚀方面研究的重点问题为：区域土壤侵蚀过程及其尺度效应的量化描述、区域土壤侵蚀模型开发、区域土壤侵蚀动态模拟与趋势预测、区域土壤侵蚀与全球变化关系研究和区域土壤侵蚀数据处理与管理方法。

Advances of Quantitative Assessment on Regional Soil Erosion

Because of the increasing demands for soil and water conservation policy-making,progress in soil erosion science and increasing global change in recent years,research into the quantitative assessment and modeling of regional soil erosion has taken on great importance.Recent research outcomes include soil erosion surveys at global,regional and national scales;establishing processes and scale effects in regional soil erosion,extraction of factors underlying regional soil erosion and the development of regional soil erosion models.The trend in quantitative regional soil erosion research is to treat regional soil erosion as a component of general land surface processes and take into account the effects of global change on regional erosion.Successful outcomes have used integrated remote sensing and GIS technologies with distributed regional soil erosion models to produce quantitative evaluations of soil erosion characteristics at multiple scales.This paper discusses the state of current quantitative assessment of regional soil erosion and suggests that further intensive study is needed in(1) quantitative analysis of regional soil erosion processes using spatio-temporal scaling approaches,(2) development of distributed regional soil erosion models,(3) dynamic analysis and prediction of regional erosion,(4) the relationships between soil erosion and the effects of global change,and(5) establishment of information infrastructure for data processing and management.