1978年以来中国能源生产与消费时空差异特征

采用1978年以来近30年中国各地区的能源及经济数据．对中国能源生产、消费重心及GDP重心变化进行了测定。在此基础上分析了中国能源生产、消费与经济发展区域差异的动态变化及其相互关系。结果表明：①能源生产重心在逐步向西南方向移动．整个移动轨迹近似呈直线变化。揭示了中国能源生产在东西和南北方向上的差距有所减小．且东西方向差距减小的速度要比南北方向快。②能源消费重心也在向西南方向移动但波动较大．其中1998-2002年重心位置相对稳定．年度位置变化很小．说明各省区能源消费增长速度基本相同。③GDP重心在经度和纬度上均有一定的波动性。④中国能源生产与消费重心的演变轨迹既具有一些重要的共同特点，也存在明显的不同。通过与GDP重心的对比分析，各地区的经济发展水平与能源消费密切相关．说明中国GDP增长中能源成本较大。

Quantitative Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Differences of the Energy Production and Consumption in China in the Last 30 Years

Based on the energy and economy data from 1978 to 2005, this paper measures the variation track of energy production and the consumption gravity center in China, and analyses the relations between the energy production and consumption and the economic development. The results are as follows: 1) The variation track of the energy production gravity center is moving to southwest by step, the gravity center moved to west by 3.29o and by 1.18o to south, this shows that the disparities of energy production between south and north is decreasing, the disparities of energy production between west and east is decreasing too, the decreasing rate of the latter is larger than the former one. 2) The variation track of energy consumption gravity center is moving to southwest by step, and the fluctuation of the track is more distinct, during 1998 to 2002, the movement of gravity center is not obvious, this shows that the increasing rate of energy consumption of each province is similar. 3) The variation track of GDP gravity center is moving to both longitude and latitude direction. 4) Although there are some similar characteristics between energy production and consumption gravity center, the difference between them is significant too. Based on comparative analysis of the energy and GDP gravity center, we can find that there are intimate relations between economic development and energy consumption.