EIS-GIS联合系统在第四纪研究中的作用及意义

2l世纪全球环境问题将更加突出,人类将面临重大的挑战.采用高新技术研究和解决环境问题将是一项迫切的任务.GIS虽然已被广泛应用,但是由于它缺少强大的建模和模拟功能,其发展受到一定限制.模拟模型使用较早,但未形成系统.本文提出了环境模拟系统(EIS)的新概念和建立方法,该系统具有强大的建模功能和模拟功能.为使EIS与GIS的功能优势互补,作者建立了EIS-GIS联合系统,并以松嫩平原西南部土地碱质荒漠化的预警研究为例,阐述了EIS-GIS联合系统的应用方法.第四纪的研究内容非常广泛,在各类环境介质中存储了不同时空的、丰富的环境信息,如能应用EIS-GIS联合系统进行研究,将会获得新的进展,文章介绍了建立环境模拟指标体系的原则和方法,推荐了一些较适合的研究领域.

THE FUNCTIONS OF COMBINED SYSTEM EIS-GIS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN QUATERNARY STUDIES

The earth has already had the history about 4 600Ma. but Quaternary possesses only 2.48Ma. Although the Quaternary is short it is directly related to the origin and evolution of human being, thus is closly associated with the development of human society. In recent years, Chinese scholars gained abundant information from loess sequences, particularly in paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during the loess accumulation, which is of great significance in studies of global environmental change and desertification in China. The earliest GIS once served for land utilization, programming and policy decision. Its main functions are in cartography, index and inquiry. For a long time, GIS has been continuously improved and become one of the important means for dealing with global changes. The lack of the functions in setting up models and imitations limited GIS applications. In the 1960s, environmental imitation began. This method was first used in hydrology and meteorology, but now it has been spread into more fields. The authors proposed that various imitating models should be combined to form an environment imitation system, which combines some specific models and thus enhances its strength in setting up models and functions in imitation. The authors set up a combined system composed of EIS and GIS, and explained the applications of the combined system of EIS-GIS by giving an example on warning alkalized desertification in southwest of Songnen Plain. Since there is abundant environmental information in wide regions for the Quaternary and various time scales, new progress could be made, if we properly use the combined system of EIS-GIS. The principles and methods for setting up the index system of environmental imitation are described, and some suitable research fields are recommended.